the history of surgery worldwide

Question 1

ancient egypt

Answer 1

• first to describe cerebral and cranial anatomy
• trepanning and stitching

Imhotep – thought to be the founder of medicine. The author of the Edwin Smith papyrus; a medical article containing anatomical observations & possible courses of treatment.

Question 2

Greece

Answer 2

• Hippocrates– Some of his methods are still used today (relocation of mandible / humerus).
• Galenus – possibly the first sports physician (treated gladiators).

Question 3

China

Answer 3

despite body being considered sacred, thus impossibilitating further study of human anatomy, quite sophisticated cataract surgery was performed.

Question 4

India

Answer 4

advances in surgery taking place by fixing battle wounds. Used their knowledge of herbal, mineral and other drugs besides surgical skill. Sushruta was the father of Indian surgery in 400 BC. Vesical calculi were commonly performed and also other types of surgery

Question 5

middle east

Answer 5

• Surgery was developed to a high degree in the Islamic world. Abulcasis (Abu al-Qasim Khalaf ibn al-Abbas Al-Zahrawi) physician & scientist, wrote medical texts that influenced European surgical procedures.

Question 6

Notable doctors

Answer 6

Cosmas and Damien of France, Faracelsus of Germany.
Avicenna (Ibn Sina) introduced repositions of broken vertebrae, treatment of eye disease.
Rayes was first to localize spinal cord lesions.

Question 7

1846

Answer 7

first use of ether - William Morton

Question 8

1895

Answer 8

first x ray - Wilhelm röntgen

Question 9

1905

Answer 9

first successful cornea transplant - Eduard zarma

Question 10

1928

Answer 10

penicillin - alexander Fleming

Question 11

1938

Answer 11

verses developed the spring-loaded needle for draining ascites and evacuating fluid and air from chest

Question 12

1967

Answer 12

first heart transplant surgery was performed by South African christian Barnard

Question 13

1950

Answer 13

first successful organ transplant in USA