The Holocaust

Question 1

Vilification

Answer 1

The deliberate attempt to revile the Jews. In this phase, the Nazi propaganda machine played a decisive part. Its aim was to make Germans dislike and fear the Jews in Germany.

Question 2

Discrimination

Answer 2

The laws that were progressively passed depriving Jews of their rights including their right to be a German citizen

Question 3

What did the government approve on April 1st 1933

Answer 3

The government approved a boycott of Jewish businesses, shops and the offices of Jewish professional people.

Question 4

What did the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service ensue?

Answer 4

Restricted civil service employment only to ‘people of Aryan descent’.

Question 5

What other laws were passed between 1933-1935 (brief)?

Answer 5

Laws passed that removed Jews from civil services & education but also from the health and legal systems.

Question 6

Law Against the Overcrowding of German Schools

Answer 6

April 1933 - Restricted # of Jewish children that could attend government schools.

Question 7

Hereditary Farm Law

Answer 7

September 1933 - banned Jews from owning farmland

Question 8

Under Goebbel’s control, what were Jews removed from?

Answer 8

Removed from artistic & cultural life of the nation, elite sporting teams & were forbidden to represent Germany in international competition.

Question 9

Where was the intense antisemitism in Germany?

Answer 9

Most intense in villages and small towns compared to the major cities. There was evidence that many middle-class Germans did not approve of the new policies.

Question 10

What were the two Nuremberg Laws?

Answer 10

September - announced at the annual party rally at Nuremberg.
1st - Forbade marriage between Germans and Jews
2nd - Term of Jews was defined by the government as not by a religion but by the blood of their grandparents.

Question 11

What was the main purpose of the Nuremberg Laws?

Answer 11

It was to isolate the Jews from the German society.

Question 12

What are the four phases of the Nazi Racial Policy?

Answer 12

Vilification
Discrimination
Separation
Extermination

Question 13

Law for the Protection of German Blood & Honour

Answer 13

15th September 1935
S1 - Marriages between Jews and citizens of German or kindred blood are forbidden.
S2 - Sexual relations outside marriages between Jews and nationals of German or kindred blood are forbidden.
S3 - Jews shall not employ female citizens of German or kindred blood as domestic servants.
Determined to safeguard the future of the German nation

Question 14

Reich Citizenship Article

Answer 14

September 1935
Article 2 - A citizen of the Reich is a subject who is of German or kindred blood …
The right to citizenship is acquired by the granting of Reich citizenship papers.

Question 15

When was the Olympic Games in Berlin held?

Answer 15

Summer 1936

Question 16

Anti-semitism campaign-wise what happened during the Olympic Games?

Answer 16

Campaign against the Jews reduced (Posters and propaganda ceased for that duration).
Some Jewish athletes were permitted to take part in the Games

Question 17

When did the anti-semitism campaign resume w/ greater ferocity after the Olympic Games?

Answer 17

1937

Question 18

What are four examples of the anti-semitism campaign onwards from 1937?

Answer 18

• All Jewish businesses had to be registered and many were seized by the government.
• Jews required to have social identity papers and a red ‘J’ stamped on their passports
• Jewish doctors could no longer treat German patients
• Signs began to appear in shops & towns stating ‘Jews are not wanted here’ & ‘The Jews are our misfortune’.

Question 19

How did propaganda present Jews?

Answer 19

As traitors to the country and in partnership with Bolshevik Russia

Question 20

What were Jews blamed for?

Answer 20

Blamed for Germany’s military defeat of 1918 and the economic hardship of the Weimar years?

Question 21

What was the most significant anti-Semitic publication?

Answer 21

Der Sturmer (The Attacker) 1923-1945
Circulation in 1930s was over 700,000
Also produced material for children

Question 22

Separation

Answer 22

The progressive removal of Jews from the community and their ‘resettlement’ to the East
1938-1941

Question 23

When was Kristallnacht and what does it mean?

Answer 23

The night of broken glass - November 9th 1938
Named after the glass that littered German streets the next morning of the attack.

Question 24

What happened during Kristallnacht?

Answer 24

SA and SS troops in plain clothes systematically smashed and burnt Jewish property across the country.

Question 25

How many people were killed in Kristallnacht?

Answer 25

90 people

Question 26

How many synagogues were burnt down in Kristallnacht?

Answer 26

191

Question 27

How many Jewish shops & businesses were looted in Kristallnacht?

Answer 27

1000

Question 28

How many Jewish men and boys were sent to concentration during the next few days after the Kristallnacht?

Answer 28

20,000

Question 29

How much was the Jewish community forced to pay for the cost of the destruction

Answer 29

30 million Reichsmarks

Question 30

How much was the fine?

Answer 30

1 billion Reichsmarks

Question 31

Who initiated and approved of Kristallnacht?

Answer 31

Initiated by Goebbels with Hitler’s approval