The Human Body

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

A study that focuses on the physical structure of the body and its systems

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

Goes a step further, examining the standard functions and activities of these biological components

Question 3

Pathophysiology

Answer 3

The study of functional changes that accompany a particular disease or syndrome

Question 4

Topographic Anatomy

Answer 4

The superficial landmarks of the body that serve as guides to the structures that lie beneath them

Question 5

Anatomic Position

Answer 5

The position of reference is where the patient stands facing forward, arms at the side, and palms facing forward.

Question 5

Anatomic Planes

Answer 5

Imaginary straight line divisions begin with 3 main axes

Question 5

Coronal (frontal) Plane

Answer 5

tuns vertically through the body and divides the front and back from left to right

Question 5

Sagittal (lateral) Plane

Answer 5

Runs vertically, but divides the body into left and right sections head to toe

Question 5

Midsagittal (midline) Plane

Answer 5

Divides the body equally into left and right halves

Ex. Nose to the umbilicus are found along the midline

Question 5

Transverse (axial) Plane

Answer 5

Divides the body horizontally into top and bottom sections waste

Question 6

Skeletal System

Answer 6

1. Provides a Structural framework to bear the body’s weight
2. Establish a framework to attach soft tissues and internal organs

3 protect vital organs such as the heart and lungs.

4 Red marrow within the internal cavities of many bones produces RBCs

Question 7

Axial skeletons

Answer 7

Forms the longitudinal axis of the body, from the skull to the tailbone ( coccyx)

Question 8

Coccyx

Answer 8

Tailbone or the last 3 or 4 vertebrae of the spine; the tailbone

Question 9

Thoracic Cage

Answer 9

The chest or rib cage

Question 10

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 10

The portion of the skeletal system that comprises the arms, legs, pelvis, by which they connect with the axial skeleton, for example, the shoulder

Question 11

The pelvis

Answer 11

Includes portions from the axial and appendicular skeletons

Question 12

Joint

Answer 12

Where two bones meet

Question 13

How are joints named?

Answer 13

Formulated by combining the names of these adjoining bones

For example, the sternoclavicular joint- the sternum and the clavicle

Question 14

Ligaments

Answer 14

Fibrous tissues that connect bone to bone, helping stabilize these joints.

Question 15

Cartilage

Answer 15

Semirigid yet flexible tissue that covers and cushions the ends of articulating bones

Question 16

Tendons

Answer 16

The tissues that attach bone to muscle

Question 17

Symphyses

Answer 17

Joints that have grown together to form a very stable connection

Question 18

Joint Capsule

Answer 18

The bone ends of a joint are held together by a fibrous sac.

Sac is composed of connective tissue (connecting bone to bone)

Certain points around the joint are lax and thin, permitting movement.

In other areas, it is thick and resists stretching and bending shoulder having fewer ligaments, is free to move in almost any direction

Ex sacroiliac joint is virtually surrounded by tough, thick ligaments and will therefore have little ROM.

Question 19

Sacroiliac Joint

Answer 19

The connection point between the pelvis and the vertebral column

Question 20

Articular Cartilage

Answer 20

In moving joints, the ends of the bones are covered with a thin layer of cartilage. This cartilage is a pearly white substance that allows the ends of the bones to glide easily

Question 21

Synovial Membrane

Answer 21

The lining of the joint that secretes synovial fluid into the joint space

Question 22

Synovial fluid

Answer 22

The small amount of liquid within a joint is used as lubrication. This oil-like substance is allows the ends of the bones to glide over each other as opposed to rubbing and treating over each other.

Question 23

Ball and Joint

Answer 23

Allows internal and external rotation as well as bending like the shoulder

Question 24

Hinge joints

Answer 24

Joints that can bend and straighten but cannot rotate; they restrict motion to one plane kike fingers or knees or elbows etc...

Question 25

Flexion

Answer 25

Bending

Question 26

Extension

Answer 26

Straightening

Question 27

Skull

Answer 27

The skull is divided into 3 groups Cranium facial bones 3 bones in the ear

Question 28

Cranium part of skull

Answer 28

comprises the Frontal bones, temporal bones, parietal bones, occipital bone, ethmoid bone, and sphenoid bone fused together these bones encase and protect the brain

Question 29

Frontal Bones

Answer 29

Bones in the cranium that form the forehead

Question 30

Temporal Bones

Answer 30

The lateral bones one each side of the cranium; the temples

Question 31

Parietal Bones

Answer 31

The bones that lie between the temporal and occipital regions of the cranium

Question 32

Occipital Bone

Answer 32

Most posterior bone in the cranium

Question 33

Foramen Magnum

Answer 33

Serves as a passageway for the spinal cord to connect with the brain and descend into the spinal, or vertebral column

Question 34

Facial Bones are part of the skull, 14 of them

Answer 34

The 14 facial bones include the upper jawbones (maxillae), the lower jawbone (mandible), and the cheek bones (zygomas).

Question 35

Upper jawbones (maxillae)

Answer 35

Upper jawbones that assist in the formation of the orbit, the nasal cavity, and the palate and hold the upper teeth.

Question 36

Lower Jawbone (Mandible)

Answer 36

Bone of the lower jaw

Question 37

The orbit

Answer 37

The eye socket, made up of the maxilla and zygoma

Question 38

Cervical Spine

Answer 38

The first 7 vertebrae, C1-C7 Skull is attached to the first (atlas) and second (axis)

Question 39

Thoracic Spine

Answer 39

The next 12 vertebrae after the cervical vertebrae are the thoracic spine. One set of ribs is attached to each of the thoracic vertebrae

Question 40

Lumbar Spine

Answer 40

The next 5 after the thoracic form the lumbar spine

Question 41

Sacral Vertebrae

Answer 41

Next 5 after the lumbar, are the sacra.l They are fused to form the one bone called the sacrum. The sacrum joins the iliac bones of the pelvis via strong ligaments at the saroiliac joints

Question 42

Coccyx

Answer 42

The last 4 vertebrae also fused together to form the coccyx or the tailbone

Question 43

Intervertebral Disks

Answer 43

Tough, elastic structures between adjoining vertebrae that act as shock absorbers

Question 44

Thorax

Answer 44

The chest cavity contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, and great vessels, such as the aorta.( The superior and inferior venae cavae) It is formed by the 12 thoracic vertebrae T1-T12 and their 12 pairs of ribs

Question 45

What are the 3 main parts of the Sternum?

Answer 45

1) Manibrium Uppermost section 2) Body0 3)Xiphoid process

Question 46

What is the Sternum notch

Answer 46

Superior edge of the manibrium

Question 47

Manibrium

Answer 47

The uppermost part of the sternum

Question 48

Sternal Body

Answer 48

Immediately inferior to the manibrium

Question 49

Xiphoid Process

Answer 49

The inferior tip of the sternum is formed by a narrow, cartilaginous structure