The Human defense System

Question 1

What is the purpose of the human defence system?

Answer 1

To protect against pathogens, organisms that may cause disease.

Question 2

Human immunity refers to our ability to _______.

Answer 2

resist disease.

Question 3

What is the first line of the general defence system?

Answer 3

Skin, blood clotting, mucous, acid, and lysosome.

Question 4

How does the skin contribute to the human defence system?

Answer 4

Provides a structural barrier against pathogens.

Question 5

What role does blood clotting play in the defence system?

Answer 5

Forms a barrier against the entry of pathogens if the skin is broken.

Question 6

What is the function of mucus in the nasal passages?

Answer 6

Traps dust and microorganisms before they are swallowed.

Question 7

What is the role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

Answer 7

Kills many pathogens.

Question 8

Where is lysosome found and what does it do?

Answer 8

Found in sweat, tears, and saliva; attacks and dissolves the cell walls of bacteria.

Question 9

What is the second line of the general defence system?

Answer 9

Phagocytosis and defence proteins.

Question 10

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 10

Process by which white blood cells engulf and destroy pathogens.

Question 11

What attracts white blood cells to sites of injury and infection?

Answer 11

Chemical messengers.

Question 12

What are large phagocytes called?

Answer 12

Macrophages.

Question 13

What are defence proteins mentioned in the defence system?

Answer 13

Complement and interferons.

Question 14

What do defence proteins do?

Answer 14

Destroy viruses and other proteins.

Question 15

What is the specific defence system responsible for?

Answer 15

Production of antibodies and destruction of infected body cells.

Question 16

What type of cells destroy infected body cells in the specific defence system?

Answer 16

Specific white blood cells (WBCs).

Question 17

White blood cells (leucocytes) can be subdivided into _______ and _______.

Answer 17

lymphocytes; monocytes.

Question 18

What is the function of lymphocytes in the immune response?

Answer 18

Produce antibodies or directly destroy infected cells.

Question 19

Where do lymphocytes and monocycles migrate to?

Answer 19

The Spleen and thymus gland

Question 20

What is the first function of lymphocytes?

Answer 20

Attack body cells that have antigens on their surface

Question 21

What is the second function of lymphocytes?

Answer 21

To produce antibodies to clump pathogens together

Question 22

Define the term immunity

Answer 22

The ability to resist disease

Question 23

What is Induced Immunity

Answer 23

The ability to resist disease caused by specific pathogens by the production of antibodies

Question 24

What 2 forms does Induced immunity have

Answer 24

Active and Passive

Question 25

What is Active immunity?

Answer 25

The production of antibodies by the body in response to the entry of pathogens

Question 26

What 2 forms can Active immunity be divided into

Answer 26

Natural and Artificial

Question 27

What is Natural active immunity

Answer 27

Occurs when a pathogen enters the body in a normal way

Question 28

What is artificial active immunity

Answer 28

Occurs when a vaccine is introduced into the body

Question 29

What is passive immunity

Answer 29

The giving of antibodies formed by another organism

Question 30

What is natural passive immunity

Answer 30

Child receiving antibodies from its mother in breast milk

Question 31

What is Artificial Passive immunity

Answer 31

Person receives an injection containing antibodies produced by another organ

Question 32

What 2 forms do WBC have

Answer 32

Lymphocytes or monocytes

Question 33

What cells can Lymphocytes be

Answer 33

T or B cells

Question 34

Where are T and B cells produced

Answer 34

Bone marrow

Question 35

When mature, Where do B cells move into?

Answer 35

The spleen and lymph nodes

Question 36

When an antigen is ingested into the pathogen what is it called?

Answer 36

microphage

Question 37

How do B cells fight a specific antigen

Answer 37

It quickly multiplies allowing it to produce large quantities of antibodies

Question 38

What happens to B cells after pathogens have been killed

Answer 38

Most of them die while some remain as recovery B cells

Question 39

What do Memory B cells ensure if a pathogen is detected again?

Answer 39

Antibodies are produced in much smaller quantities in response Antibodies are produced quicker

Question 40

What do T cells act against?

Answer 40

Viruses and cancer cells

Question 41

What do Rampoging macrophages injest

Answer 41

Pathogens or infected cells

Question 42

What are the 4 types of T cells

Answer 42

Helper T cells (recognize antigens and produce cytokines) ___________________________________________ White T cells (Attack and destroy abnormal body cells and release perforin) ___________________________________________ Hille T cells (Bring about apoptosis or programme cell death) ___________________________________________ Supressor T cells ( Become active after pathogen has been destroyed) _________________________________________