The immune system

Question 1

What is the role of the first line of defence?

Answer 1

Provides barriers to infection, preventing pathogens from entering the body.

Question 2

Physical barrier

Answer 2

Prevent pathogen entry.
Example:
- coughing and sneezing
- skin

Question 3

Chemical barrier

Answer 3

Are chemical substances secreted by the body to inhibit or destroy pathogens.
Example:
- acid in sweat
- enzymes in mucus, saliva

Question 4

What is the role of the second line of defence?

Answer 4

If the first line of defence is breached the second line of defence is used. Is a non-specific response.

Question 5

Phagocytes

Answer 5

Are a group of white blood cells which can surround and kill microorganisms.

Question 6

Fever

Answer 6

Is an increase in core body temperature above 38 degrees celsius to slow down and kill pathogens

Question 7

Inflammation

Answer 7

Increases blood flow and fluid leakage to an area, which enables more white blood cells and immune chemicals to reach a site of infection.

Question 8

What is the role of the third line of defence?

Answer 8

Any pathogens not dealt successfully with the second line of defence are targeted by a specific respnse of the third line of defence.

Question 9

Specific immunity

Answer 9

Recognises the specific pathogen infecting your body and creates defences for that pathogen.

Question 10

Non-specific immunity

Answer 10

Body does not recognise the pathogen infecting your body.

Question 11

What do B cells do?

Answer 11

Make antibodies

Question 12

What is an antibody?

Answer 12

A protein molecule that blind to antigens to make it easier for white blood cells to detect and kill them.

Question 13

What do T cells do?

Answer 13

Attack infected cells.

Question 14

What’s a antigen?

Answer 14

A tiny marker on the surface of pathogens to signal to your immune system that they are a intruder.

Question 15

Define transmission

Answer 15

The spread of infectious disease though pathogens from one person to another.

Question 16

What is a vaccine?

Answer 16

A medical preparation that cause your body to react as if you have meet a pathogen, in a safe way.

Question 17

What is in a vaccine?

Answer 17

Usually contains a small amount of inactivated toxin or weakened/dead pathogen.

Question 18

Define disease

Answer 18

A illness which can be non-infectious or infectious.

Question 19

Define symptoms

Answer 19

Something a person feels/experiences to indicate they have a disease.

Question 20

Infectious disease

Answer 20

Is caused by pathogens and can be transferred from one person to another.

Question 21

Non-infectious disease

Answer 21

Is not caused by pathogens and cannot be transferred from one person to another.

Question 22

What are lymphocytes?

Answer 22

Responsible for antibody production, killing of infected viruses, and regulation of the immune response.

Question 23

What does the cerebellum do?

Answer 23

Coordination of fine movement, balance, posture, muscle tone and some memory for reflex motor acts.

Question 24

What is herd immunity?

Answer 24

When enough people are vaccinated, the disease can’t spread. This protects vulnerable people who can’t get vaccinated.

Question 25

What does the medulla/brainstem do?

Answer 25

Connects brain to spinal cord, controls involuntary functions, transfers information between the PNS and higher brain regions.

Question 26

What does the cerebrum do?

Answer 26

Initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature.

Question 27

What does the parietal lobe do?

Answer 27

Controls taste, smell, hearing and sight

Question 28

What does the temporal lobe do?

Answer 28

Controls hearing, language, interpretation of sound

Question 29

What does the occipital lobe do?

Answer 29

Controls vision, color, depth and memory formation.

Question 30

What does the frontal lobe do?

Answer 30

Controls voluntary movement, expressive language and manages higher level of executive functions