The Impact of Industrial Revolution

Question 1

Matthew Boulton

Answer 1

an English businessman, inventor, mechanical engineer, and silversmith.
business partner of the Scottish engineer James Watt
developed the steam engine for industrial machinery.

Question 2

Anti-Corn Law League

Answer 2

a successful political movement in Great Britain aimed at the abolition of the unpopular Corn Laws,
protected landowners’ interests by levying taxes on imported wheat,
raised the price of bread at a time when factory-owners were trying to cut wages.

Question 3

Luddites

Answer 3

English textile workers who opposed the use of certain types of cost-saving machinery,
often destroyed the machines in clandestine raids.

Question 4

Sadler Commission

Answer 4

investigated the problem of child labor in textile
eighty-seven witnesses gave testimonies

Question 5

Josiah Wedgewood

Answer 5

an English potter, entrepreneur and abolitionist.
Founded the Wedgwood company in 1759,
developed improved pottery bodies by systematic experimentation,
the leader in the industrialization of the manufacture of European pottery

Question 6

The Great Exhibition, 1851

Answer 6

also known as the Crystal Palace Exhibition,
an international exhibition that took place in Hyde Park, London, from 1 May to 15 October 1851.
the first worlds fair

Question 7

urbanization

Answer 7

the population shift from rural to urban areas
the way in which societies adapt to this change
It can also mean population growth in urban areas instead of rural ones.

Question 8

Crystal Palace

Answer 8

the first ever international exhibition of manufactured products
after the Great Exhibition ended, Paxton arranged to have the Crystal Palace moved to South London

Question 9

cult of domesticity

Answer 9

“true womanhood,”
set of societal standards placed on women
Piety, purity, submissiveness, and domesticity

Question 10

gospel of work

Answer 10

formed in 1843,
Thomas Carlyle proclaimed a new “Gospel” for modern England: “Work, and therein have wellbeing.”
Inspired George Eliot, Joseph Conrad, Friedrich Engels, and others

Question 11

Edwin Chadwick

Answer 11

an English social reformer
noted for his leadership in reforming the Poor Laws in England
instituting major reforms in urban sanitation and public health.
devised the system under which the country was divided into groups of parishes administered by elected boards of guardians, each board with its own medical officer