The Industrial Age (1800-1914)

Question 1

parts that are so nearly identical that they can fit into any assembly of the same type

Answer 1

interchangeable parts

Question 2

an association of manufacturers of suppliers with the purpose of maintaining prices at a high level and restricting competition

Answer 2

cartel (aka. a syndicate)

Question 3

the exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service

Answer 3

monopoly (aka. a trust)

Question 4

a manufacturing process in which parts are added in sequence

Answer 4

assembly line

Question 5

applies biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology and politics

Answer 5

social darwinism

Question 6

the scientific study of the mind and behavior

Answer 6

psychology

Question 7

a process of heating liquids to kill bacteria and prevent spoilage

Answer 7

pasteurization

Question 8

the theory that plants and animals developed from common ancestors long ago

Answer 8

evolution

Question 9

(austrian) developed theories about the unconcious mind.

Answer 9

Sigmund Freud

Question 10

(russian) discovered process of classical conditioning while studying digestive process of dogs

Answer 10

Ivan Pavlov

Question 11

discovered how antiseptic prevented infection (this contributed directly to increased life expectancy)

Answer 11

Joseph Lister

Question 12

invented gasoline powered internal combustion engine

Answer 12

Nikolaus Otto

Question 13

proved link between microbes and disease (the “germ theory”); developed vaccines against rabies and anthrax, and discovered process of pasturization

Answer 13

Louis Pasteur

Question 14

invented radio

Answer 14

Guglielmo Marconi

Question 15

(british) discovered electrons and developed subatomic theory

Answer 15

J.J. Thompson

Question 16

(german) general theory of relativity and the special theory of relativity

Answer 16

Albert Einstein

Question 17

patented telephone

Answer 17

Alexander Graham Bell

Question 18

developed the bessemer process

Answer 18

Henry Bessemer

Question 19

invented dynamite

Answer 19

Alfred Nobel

Question 20

(british) published “On The Orgin Of Species” and theory of evolution

Answer 20

Charles Darwin

Question 21

insisted on better hygeine in wartime field hospitals; introduced sanitary measures in British hospitals; started the worlds fist nursing school

Answer 21

Florence Nightingale

Question 22

(german) developed quantum theory

Answer 22

Max Planck

Question 23

(french) discovered radioactivity

Answer 23

Pierre & Marie Curie

Question 24

(german) discovered x-rays and developed x-ray photographic process

Answer 24

William Roentgen

Question 25

(austrian munk) experimented with cross-pollinating pea plants

Answer 25

Gregor Mendel

Question 26

By 1900, which 2 countries were the world’s leading industrial nations?

Answer 26

Germany and the United States

Question 27

What was Ford’s contribution to industry?

Answer 27

he massed produced cars with the assembly line

Question 28

How did Darwin challenge traditional beliefs?

Answer 28

the view that God had originally created all species of plant and animal life, just as they exist today.

Question 29

Why does Darwin’s theory of evolution cause controversy

Answer 29

a lot of people were christians and not everyone believed him

Question 30

What was developed that helped cars and airplanes become common means of travel?

Answer 30

the gasoline powered internal combustion engine

Question 31

Whose work did Darwin study to develop his theory of natural selection (evolution)?

Answer 31

Alfred Russel Wallace