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APM- The brain > The intact brain 1 > Flashcards

The intact brain 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define rostral

A

Towards the head

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2
Q

Define caudal

A

Towards the tail

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3
Q

Define dorsal

A

Towards the back

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4
Q

Define ventral

A

Towards the front

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5
Q

Structures found towards the front of the head in the forebrain are described as what?

A

Being anterior

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6
Q

Structures found towards the back of the head in the forebrain are described as what?

A

Bein posterior

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7
Q

Structures found towards the top of the head in the forebrain are described as what?

A

Being superior

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8
Q

Structures found towards the bottom of the head in the forebrain are described as what?

A

Being inferior or ventral

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9
Q

What are the names of the 3 vesicles that originally form the brain?

A
  1. Prosencephalon (Forebrain)
  2. Mesencephalon (midbrain)
  3. Rhombencephalon (hind brain)
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10
Q

Name the 5 secondary vesicles of the developing brain

A
  1. Telencephalon
  2. Diencephalon
  3. Mesencephalon
  4. Metencephalon
  5. Myelencephalon
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11
Q

Where does the cerebral hemisphere originate from

A

The Prosencephalon

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12
Q

Where does the diencephalon originate from

A

The Prosencephalon

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13
Q

What are the sub units of the diencephalon?

A

The thalamus and hypothalamus

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14
Q

Where does the midbrain originate from?

A

The Mesencephalon

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15
Q

What so the pons sit on top of?

A

The medulla oblongata

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16
Q

What is the medulla oblongata

A

It is an expansion of the rostral end of the spinal cord

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17
Q

What forms the brain stem?

A

The midbrain
The pons
The medulla

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18
Q

What lies dorsal to the brain stem?

A

The cerebellum

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19
Q

Where do the pons develop from?

A

The Metencephalon

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20
Q

Where does the cerebellum originate from?

A

The Metencephalon

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21
Q

What serpents the 2 hemispheres of the brain?

A

The sagittal fissure

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22
Q

What are sulci?

A

Grooves in the brain

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23
Q

What are gyri?

A

Folds in the brain

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24
Q

What do the sulci and gyri do?

A

Increase the surface area of the cerebral hemispheres thereby increase the cerebral cortex

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25
What is the cerebral cortex?
Is a layer neural cell bodies (grey matter) that covers the surface of each cerebral hemispheres
26
What allows for there to be communication between the left and right hemisphere?
The corpus callosum
27
Describe the corpus collosum
It is a band of white matter found between the left and right hemisphere and it allows for communication to occur between both
28
Name the lobes that make up each hemisphere
1. Frontal 2. Parietal 3. temporal 4. Occipital
29
Name the 2 most prominent sulci
1. The central sulcus | 2. The lateral sulcus
30
Where does the frontal lobe lie
Anterior to the central sulcus
31
Where does the parietal lobe lie
Posterior to the central sulcus
32
Where does the occipital lobe lie
Most posterior to each cerebral hemisphere
33
Where does the temporal lobe lie
Inferior to the lateral sulcus
34
What is found at the extreme ends of each lobe?
Poles (Eg frontal pole ect)
35
Name the 2 prominent gyri visible in a lateral view of the brain
1. Pre central gyrus | 2. Post central gyrus
36
Where is the pre central gyrus found?
Anterior to the central sulcus | In the frontal lobe
37
Where is the post central gyrus found?
Posterior to the central sulcus | In the parietal lobe
38
Why is the pre central gyrus important?
It gives rise to a series of motor neurones
39
Why is the post central gyrus important?
Receives a whole series of sensory fibres
40
What are found inferior to the frontal lobe in a ventral view of the brain?
The olfactory tracts which are an extension of the central nervous system
41
What come off the inferior aspect of the hypothalamus?
2 mammillary bodies
42
What is found anterior to the mammillary bodies?
It is where the pituitary stalk would radiate from the hypothalamus
43
What do the 2 mammillary bodies form?
Part of the diencephalon
44
What are the cerebral peduncles?
They are an information highway
45
What is found between the cerebral peduncles?
The interpeduncular fossa
46
What runs through the interpeduncular fossa?
The Oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III)
47
Where do the Oculomotor nerves originate?
From the ponto midbrain junction
48
What connects the pons to the cerebellum?
The middle cerebellar peduncle
49
What are the 3 pairs of cerebral peduncles called?
1. The superior cerebellar peduncle 2. The middle cerebellar peduncle 3. The inferior cerebellar peduncle
50
What connects the midbrain to the cerebellum?
The superior cerebellar peduncle
51
What connects the medulla to the cerebellum?
The inferior cerebellar peduncle
52
What anatomical term means “towards the front”?
Ventral
53
What anatomical term means “towards the head”?
Rostral
54
Which gyri is found Anterior to the central sulcus?
The precentral gyrus
55
What anatomical term means “towards the back”?
Dorsal
56
What anatomical term means “towards the tail”?
Caudal
57
What word can be used inter-changeable with ROSTRAL In humans?
Superior
58
Which gyrus is found Anterior to the central sulcus?
The post central gyrus
59
What word can be used inter-changeable with CAUDAL In humans?
Inferior
60
What word can be used inter-changeable with DORSAL In humans?
Posterior
61
What word can be used inter-changeable with VENTRAL In humans apart from in the brain?
Anterior
62
What originates from the Prosencephalon?
The cerebral hemisphere and the diencephalon
63
What originates from the Mesencephalon?
The midbrain
64
The midbrain pons and medulla form what?
The brainstem
65
What does the superior cerebellar peduncle do?
connects the midbrain to the cerebellum
66
What originates from the Metencephalon?
The pons and cerebellum
67
Where is the cerebellum?
Sits under the occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres | It lies posterior to the brainstem
68
What lies Anterior to the central sulcus?
The frontal lobe
69
What does the inferior cerebellar peduncle do?
connects the medulla to the cerebellum
70
What lies Posterior to the central sulcus?
The parietal lobe
71
Which gyrus is found in the frontal lobe?
The pre central gyrus
72
Which lobe is situated most posterior in each cerebral hemisphere?
The occipital lobe
73
Which lobe is situated Inferior to the lateral sulcus?
The temporal lobe
74
Which gyrus is found in the parietal lobe?
The post central gyrus
75
What does the middle cerebellar peduncle do?
Connects the pons to the cerebellum

APM- The brain (3 decks)

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