The Kidneys and suprarenal glands

Question 1

functions of kidneys

Answer 1

• excrete most of the waste products of metabolism
• Control the water and electrolyte balance of the body
• Secrete hormones and renin into the blood stream

Question 2

two kidneys filter

Answer 2

about 113 to 144 pints of blood a day

Filters all blood 400 times a day

Question 3

kidneys lie

Answer 3

behind the peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wall

R kidney lower bc of large R lobe of liver

Question 4

With contraction of the diaphragm

during respiration…

Answer 4

both kidneys move down 2.5cm

Question 5

Medulla is composed of

Answer 5

up to a dozen renal pyramids

Question 6

the renal papilla projects medially to

Answer 6

renal sinus which is surrounded by minor calyx which recieves urine

Question 7

minor calyx merges to form

Answer 7

major calyx – merge to renal pelvis

Question 8

The renal artery arises from the aorta at

Answer 8

L1 OR L2

Question 9

Each renal artery divides into

Answer 9

anterior and posterior branches

accessory renal/extrahilar arteries common

Question 10

how many segmental arteries enter the hilum of the kidney?

Answer 10

5 ..four

infront and one behind the renal pelvis

Question 11

what arises from segmental arteries

Answer 11

2or 3 Interlobar arteries , one for each renal pyramid

Question 12

The interlobar arteries run toward

Answer 12

cortex on each side of renal pyramid

Question 13

Interlobar arteries form into

where

Answer 13

arcuate arteries

at the junction of cortex and medulla

Question 14

what supplies each nephron

Answer 14

Afferent glomerular arterioles and

their efferent arterioles

Question 15

what veins exit kidney

Answer 15

Peritubular venule, interlobar veins and renal vein

Question 16

Renal veins emerges from

drains into

Answer 16

• hilum infront of renal artery

- IVC

Question 17

coverings of kidney

Answer 17

renal capsule
Perirenal adipose fat
Renal fascia

Question 18

renal capsule

Answer 18

surrounds kidney
filled with nociceptors
Continuous with outer coat of ureter

Question 19

Perirenal adipose fat

Answer 19

Covers the capsule,

protective

Question 20

Renal fascia functions

Answer 20

-connective tissue that encloses the kidneys and suprarenal glands
-Continuous with the fascia of transversalis ,diaphragm
above supra-renal gland ,IVC, psoas and aorta (med)
-Anchors kidney to abdominal wall

Question 21

The ureters enter the pelvis by

Answer 21

crossing the bifurcation of the common iliac artery in front of the sacroiliac joint

Question 22

The two ureters are

Answer 22

muscular tubes that extend from the
kidneys to post surface of urinary bladder.
Retroperitoneal.

Question 23

urine travels down ureter by

Answer 23

peristaltic contractions

Question 24

ureter measures about

Answer 24

25cm long

Question 25

Each ureter has three constrictions along its course –

Answer 25

1. uretropelvic junction 2. As it crosses the pelvic brim / crossing common iliac or internal iliac 3. Where it pierces the bladder wall ( intra-mural part)

Question 26

Right ureter relations ... anterior

Answer 26

1.Duodenum, 2.Terminal part of the ileum 3.Right colic vessels 4.Iliocolic vessels 5. Right testicular or ovarian vessels 6. Root of the mesentery

Question 27

Right ureter relations... posterior

Answer 27

R psoas muscle, | R common iliac artery Bifurcation

Question 28

Left ureter relations... anterior

Answer 28

1.Sigmoid colon 2.Sigmoid mesocolon 3. Left colic vessels 4.Left testicular or ovarian vessels

Question 29

Left ureter relation... posterior

Answer 29

L psoas muscle, | L common iliac artery Bifurcation

Question 30

middle portion of ureter blood supply

Answer 30

testicular or ovarian artery

Question 31

In the pelvis, the ureter is supplied by the

Answer 31

superior vesical artery from | internal iliac