heart

Question 1

function of pericardium

Answer 1

Shock absorber
prevents over expansion when blood increases
limits heart movements

Question 2

fibrous pericardium

Answer 2

• Outermost layer

- anchor heart to diaphragm and the great vessels

Question 3

Serous pericardium

Answer 3

• —Parietal layer attached to fibrous pericardium

- –Visceral layer attached to surface of the heart and aorta, pulmonary trunk, vena cavae

Question 4

The lines of reflection between visceral and parietal pericardium form ..

Answer 4

two pericardial sinuses… oblique and transverse

Question 5

Pericardial cavity filled with

Answer 5

10-20 mls of serous pericardial fluid

Question 6

function of pericardial fluid

Answer 6

lubricates pericardial cavity and prevents friction as the heart beats

Question 7

Transverse pericardial sinus.. where is it

Answer 7

Ant to the SVC and post to the Ascending

aorta and Pulmonary Trunk

Question 8

Transverse pericardial sinus.. seperates

Answer 8

arterial vessels (A, PT)
and the venous vessels (SVC, PV)

Question 9

the pericardium neurovasculature… arterial blood

Answer 9

Internal thoracic - Musculophrenic and
pericardiophrenic branches

Descending thoracic aorta from
bronchial, oesophageal and superior
phrenic arteries

Question 10

the pericardium neurovasculature… venous blood

Answer 10

Venous drainage to azygous system

Question 11

the pericardium neurovasculature… nerves

Answer 11

Phrenic nerve to fibrous

vagus and sympathetic trunks to serous
pericardium / visceral

Question 12

epicardium
what is it
what is it made up of

Answer 12

visceral layer of pericardium

apidose and fibroelastic tissue

Question 13

myocardium

Answer 13

muscle

Question 14

endocardium
cells
covers

Answer 14

endothelial cells

smooth lining covers valves

Question 15

Infective Endocarditis

Answer 15

Bacterial infection in valves, septum, chordae tendinae

Question 16

Myocarditis

Answer 16

Often caused by viral infection

Question 17

the fibrous skeleton of heart

Answer 17

Cardiac muscle fibers are

anchored to the ‘’ ‘’

Question 18

skeleton of heart pt 2

Answer 18

Framework of dense collagen forms four fibrous rings

Question 19

skeleton of heart surrounds

Answer 19

orifices of the valves

2 rings and 2 coronets

Question 20

sulci

Answer 20

grooves on surface of heart containing coronary blood vessels and fat

Question 21

coronary sulcus

Answer 21

Encircles heart and marks the boundary between the atria and the ventricles

Question 22

1. anterior interventricular sulcus

2. posterior interventricular sulcus

Answer 22

1. Marks the boundary between the ventricles anteriorly

2. ‘’ ‘’ posteriorly

Question 23

where do the two coronary arteries branch off

Answer 23

aorta above aortic semilunar valve

Question 24

Left coronary artery arises from

Answer 24

L post aortic sinus

Question 25

Left coronary artery passes foward

Answer 25

between left auricle and conus arterisus

Question 26

Circumflex branch supplies

Answer 26

left atrium and ventricle

Question 27

functions of skeleton of heart - prevents - attaches - provides

Answer 27

- over dilated of valves - leaflets and cusps - electrical insulation of atria and ventricles

Question 28

what drains into the great cardiac vein

Answer 28

Posterior, the oblique vein, middle and small cardiac veins

Question 29

what drains into the coronary sinus

Answer 29

great cardiac vein

Question 30

where does the coronary sinus empty to

Answer 30

right atrium

Question 31

relations of Right phrenic nerve pt1

Answer 31

1. passes anteriorly over lat part of R subc artery 2. Enters the thorax via the superior thoracic inlet 3. Descends anteriorly along the R lung root

Question 32

relations of left phrenic nerve pt1

Answer 32

1. passes anteriorly over med part of L subc artery 2. '' same as R 3. '' '' L lung root

Question 33

relations of Right phrenic nerve pt2

Answer 33

4. courses along pericard. of R atrium 5. pierces diaph. at opening for IVC 6. innervates inf surface of dia.

Question 34

relations of left phrenic nerve pt2

Answer 34

4. crosses aortic arc & goes around vagus n 5. courses along peric. of L vent. 6. pierces and innervates inf surface of dia.

Question 35

relations of right vagus nerve

Answer 35

1. form post vagal trunk 2. gives off R recurrent lar. nerve @ R subc art b4 descending post to peric 3. enter abdomen via oesophageal hiatus of dia.

Question 36

relations of Left vagus nerve

Answer 36

1. form ant vagal trunk 2. gives of L rln @ aortic arc b4 '' 3. ''

Question 37

the vagus nerves also give..

Answer 37

cardiac branches which innervate to regulate heart rate

Question 38

what does the crista terminalis do

Answer 38

separates the smooth from the ridged wall

Question 39

right atrium has sinus venarum which is..

Answer 39

large quadrangular cavity between the SVC and the IVC

Question 40

the fossa ovalis is a remnant of

Answer 40

embryonic inter-atrial circulation

Question 41

tendon of todaro

Answer 41

a thickened ridge of the cardiac fibrous skeleton... | continuation of valve of IVC

Question 42

right atrium wall is

Answer 42

smooth but the remaining wall is ridged with pectinate muscles

Question 43

right ventricle seperated from r atrium by

Answer 43

tricuspid atrioventricular valve

Question 44

right ventricle is opening by

Answer 44

contraction of papillary muscles pulling on chordae tendineae

Question 45

left atrium wall

Answer 45

post and ant wall is smooth

Question 46

what is the forman ovale

Answer 46

impression on spetal wall corresponding of fossa ovalis of R atrium

Question 47

left atrium receives blood

Answer 47

4 pulmonary veins

Question 48

left ventricle opened by

Answer 48

contraction of ant and post papillary muscles pulling on chordae tendineae

Question 49

wall of left ventricle is

Answer 49

thickest part of heart

Question 50

in the left ventricle the outflow to aorta is controlled by...

Answer 50

aortic valve (semilunar valve)