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Gross Anatomy > The Leg > Flashcards

The Leg Flashcards

1
Q

Which bones participate in the ankle joint?

A

tibia (medial malleolus) and fibula (lateral malleolus)

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2
Q

Which bone does the tibia sit upon?

A

talus

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3
Q

Muscles of ankle joint originate from where?

A

shaft of tibia and fibula

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4
Q

Describe Osgood Schlatter Disease

A

quadriceps tendon avulses tibial tuberosity

  • occurs during growth spurt when bones grow faster than muscles
  • pain and swelling
  • resolves when growth slows
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5
Q

interosseous membrane

A
  • between fibula and tibia
  • attachment for muscles
  • opening in upper portion allows tibial vessels through
  • opening near bottom allows perforating branch of fibular artery into anterior leg compartment
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6
Q

What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibularis tertius

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7
Q

Anterior Compartment of leg

  • muscles
  • innervation
  • blood supply
  • purpose
A
  • Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius
  • deep fibular nerve
  • anterior tibial artery
  • dorsiflex ankle, extend toes
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8
Q

Lateral Compartment of leg

  • muscles
  • innervation
  • blood supply
  • purpose
A
  • fibularis longus, fibularis brevis
  • superficial fibular nerve (branchfrom common fibular nerve)
  • fibular artery (branch of posterior tibial artery)
  • pronate foot
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9
Q

Posterior Compartment of leg (Superficial)

  • muscles
  • innervation
  • blood supply
  • purpose
A
  • gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
  • tibial nerve
  • posterior tibial artery
  • plantarflex ankle
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10
Q

Posterior Compartment of leg (deep)

  • muscles
  • innervation
  • blood supply
A
  • tibialis posterior (supinator), flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
  • tibial nerve
  • posterior tibial artery
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11
Q

What is Gerdy’s tubercle?

A

lateral tibial plateau

  • site of attachment for IT band
  • often injured in running
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12
Q

what attaches to the tibial tuberosity?

A

patella tendon

-pain here in teens = Osgood Schlatter

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13
Q

What are the attachments for MCL?

A

medial femoral epicondyle to tibia shaft

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14
Q

What are the attachments for the LCL?

A

lateral femoral epicondyle to head of fibula

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15
Q

Tibialis Anterior

  • actions
  • insertions
A
  • dorsiflex ankle, supinate foot

- inferior srface of 1st cuneiform bone and 1st metatarsal

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16
Q

Extensor Hallicus longus

  • actions
  • insertions
A
  • dorsiflex ankle, extend big toe

- distal phalanx of 1st toe

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17
Q

Extensor Digitorum longus

  • actions
  • insertions
A
  • extend metotarsalphalangeal joint of last 4 toes, dorsiflex ankle
  • extensor expansion of 4 toes
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18
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) tertius

  • actions
  • insertions
A
  • dorsiflex ankle, pronate foot

- dorsum of 5th metatarsal

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19
Q

supination

A
  • bring weight of body on outer part of foot

- aka inversion

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20
Q

which two muscles work together to dorsiflex ankle using counteracting pronation and supination?

A

tibialis anterior and fibularis tertius

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21
Q

Deep branch of common fibular nerve

  • motor to
  • sensory from
A
  • anterior compartment of leg

- skin between first 2 toes and dorsum of foot

22
Q

Blood supply to anterior crural compartment

A

anterior tibial artery

  • one terminal branch of the popliteal
  • courses onto dorsum and becomes dorsalis pedis artery (palpable on navicular bone)
23
Q

Muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

fibularis longus, fibularis brevis

24
Q

fibularis longus

  • compartment
  • insertion
A
  • lateral crural

- crosses bony surface of plantar surface, inserts onto 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

25
Q

fibularis brevis

  • compartment
  • insertion
A
  • lateral crural

- base of tuberosity of 5th metatarsal

26
Q

superficial branch of the common fibular nerve

  • motor to
  • sensory from
A

branch of common fibular nerve

  • lateral crural muscles
  • dorsum of foot (except between first 2 toes)
27
Q

fibular artery

  • branch of
  • blood supply to
A
  • posterior tibial artery

- lateral leg

28
Q

What muscles form achilles tendon? what is another name for them as a group? what action do they do?

A
  • 2 heads of gastrocnemius and soleus
  • triceps surae muscles
  • plantar flexion of ankle, enable foot to leave ground (weight bearing –> n-w-b
29
Q

where does the achilles tendon insert?

A

calcaneous bone

30
Q

gastrocnemius

  • origin
  • insertion
  • action
A

part of triceps surae

  • 2 heads of origin (medial and lateral) connect to femoral condyles
  • achilles tendon (calcaneous)
  • flex knee, plantar flex ankle
31
Q

soleus

  • origin
  • insertion
  • action
A

part of triceps surae

  • posterior aspect of tibia and fibula
  • achilles tendon (calcaneous)
  • plantar flex ankle
32
Q

plantaris

  • origin
  • insertion
  • action
A

part of triceps surae

  • lateral condyle of femur
  • achilles tendon
  • 2 joint weak muscle, long tendon
33
Q

Flexor Hallucis longus

  • insertion
  • action
A

deep posterior compartment

  • distal phalanx of big toe
  • flex big toe
34
Q

Flexor Ditorum longus

  • insertion
  • action
A
  • distal phalanx of 4 lateral toes

- flex toes

35
Q

tibialis posterior

  • insertion
  • action
A
  • 2nd, 3rd, 4th metatarsal bones, 3 cuneiform bones, navicular bone
  • supinate foot
36
Q

popliteus

  • origin
  • insertion
  • action
A
  • lateral femoral condyle
  • superior and posterior surface of femur
  • unlock knee
37
Q

which nerve is motor to posterior crural compartment and plantar surface of foot? (also sensory to sole of foot)

A

tibial nerve

38
Q

what is the blood supply to posterior crural compartment?

A 
posterior tibial artery (palpated posterior to medial malleolus
fibular artery (branch of posterior tibial)
39
Q

Acute Compartment Syndrome

A
  • results from trauma or blunt force
  • due to tight, tough fascia around compartments
  • can inhibit blood supply
  • pulseless paralysis=ischemic injury (requires emergency fasciotomy
40
Q

Chronic Compartment Syndrome

A
  • repetitive motion
  • increased blood flow and muscle volume
  • resolve by stretching and conditioning
41
Q

Shin Splints

A
  • medial tibial stress syndrome
  • muscle overuse
  • localized tenderness, numbness, sensory loss over 4th toe
42
Q

common fibular nerve branches from what?

A

sciatic

43
Q

what causes drop foot?

A
  • common fibular nerve lesion (superficial branch = motor to lateral compartment, deep branch = motor to anterior compartment)
  • can’t heel walk
44
Q

Tibial branches from what?

A

Sciatic

  • innervates posterior compartment
  • sensory to plantar surface of foot
45
Q

what injury causes inability to toe walk?

A

tibial nerve lesion

-can’t plantar flex ankle

46
Q

sural nerve has what component fibers?

A

sensory ONLY to posterior leg

-from cutaneous branches of tibial and common fibular

47
Q

saphenous nerve

A
  • branch of femoral nerve

- supplies skin on medial aspect of leg

48
Q

anterior tibial artery supplies what?

A

anterior crural

-palpate on navicular (dorsalis pedis

49
Q

posterior tibial artery supplies what?

A

posterior crural compartment

50
Q

fibular aretery supplies what?

A

lateral crural compartment

branch of posterior tibial

Gross Anatomy (8 decks)

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