The lithosphere

Question 1

Circles and arcs that share the same center, the larger often completely surrounding the smaller

Answer 1

Concentric

Question 2

A drawing that shows what something would look like if cut in half

Answer 2

Section drawing

Question 3

The earths crust

Answer 3

The outermost layer of the earth

Question 4

The earths mantle

Answer 4

The layer of the earth beneath the crust, surrounding the core.

Question 5

The liquid layer of the earths core surrounding the inner core

Answer 5

The earths outer core

Question 6

The earths layer in the centre of the earth

Answer 6

The inner core

Question 7

Rock that is so hot that it is melted and where it is found

Answer 7

• Magma in the mantle
• Lava on the earths surface

Question 8

The thickest layer of the earths lithosphere

Answer 8

The mantle

Question 9

The thinnest layer of the earths lithosphere

Answer 9

The crust

Question 10

The thickest part of the crust

Answer 10

Continental crust

Question 11

Elements or compounds that make up the rocks in the lithosphere

Answer 11

Minerals

Question 12

Compounds

Answer 12

Matter consisting of atoms of two or more different elements chemically bonded together

Question 13

Elements

Answer 13

Matter consisting of atoms of only one kind of element

Question 14

Most common elements making up the earths crust

Answer 14

• Oxygen (47%)
• Silicon (28%)
• Aluminium (8%)
• Iron (5%)

Question 15

Example minerals that exist as elements

Answer 15

• Gold (Au)
• Copper (Cu)

Question 16

Example minerals that exist as compounds

Answer 16

• Haematite (contains some iron)
• Calverite (contains some gold)
• Malachite (contains some copper)

Question 17

The building blocks of rocks

Answer 17

Minerals

Question 18

Main minerals making granite

Answer 18

• Quartz
• Mica
• Feldspar

Question 19

The rock cycle

Answer 19

The natural continuous process in which rocks form, are broken down and re-form

Question 20

The three types of rock

Answer 20

• Igneous
• Metamorphic
• Sedimentary

Question 21

Steps in the rock cycle

Answer 21

1. Igneous rock forms from cooling magma and lava
2. Rocks weather and erode
3. Sedimentary rock forms from deposited sediments
4. Heat and pressure changes rock forming metamorphic rock
5. Some rocks are pushed down into the mantle and become magma again

Question 22

Granite

Answer 22

• An igneous rock
• Formed underground
• Formed when magma cools slowly
• Large mineral crytals

Question 23

Pumice stone

Answer 23

• An igneous rock
• Forms on the earths surface
• When lava cools very quickly
• Has lots of air trapped inside making it very light
• Very tiny mineral crystals

Question 24

Uses of granite

Answer 24

• Buildings (granite blocks)
• Countertops

Question 25

Uses of pumice stone

Answer 25

Rubbed on dry skin of feet to make them smooth

Question 26

The process during which rock is broken up into smaller pieces

Answer 26

Weathering

Question 27

The process during which weathered material is carried away from its source

Answer 27

Erosion

Question 28

Types of weathering

Answer 28

* Chemical * Physical * Biological

Question 29

Two agents of erosion

Answer 29

* Wind * Water

Question 30

Particles formed by weathering

Answer 30

Sediments

Question 31

How sedimentary rock forms

Answer 31

* Weathered and eroded material are deposited as sediments * Sediment layers are covered with more layers * The pressure of many layers turns the lowe layers into rocks, such as sandstone

Question 32

Sandstone

Answer 32

* A type of sedimentary rock * Formed from grains of sand

Question 33

Shale

Answer 33

* A type of sedimentary rock * Formed from fine particles of clay

Question 34

Older layers of sedimentary rock

Answer 34

* These are lower layers * These layers were deposited first

Question 35

A metamorphic rock formed from shale

Answer 35

Slate

Question 36

A metamorphic rock formed from limestone

Answer 36

Marble

Question 37

Limestone

Answer 37

A sedimentary rock formed from the bones and shells of small sea creatures