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The Lymphatic System Flashcards

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1
Q

Acquired immunity / Inmunidad adquirida

A

Immunity is the term used to define antibodies in the system, which fight off infection or toxins; acquired immunity is caused by exposure to a disease or infectious antigen.

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2
Q

Active immunity / Inmunidad activa

A

Antibody production by the immune system in response to the presence of an infectious or toxic agent.

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3
Q

Adenitis / Adenitis

A

Lymph gland or tissue inflammation.

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4
Q

Adenoids / Adenoides

A

Lymphatic tissues located at the back of the throat and nose; when enlarged, they can hinder breathing and speech. *Generally uses the feminine article:
Las adenoides

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5
Q

Adenopathy / Adenopatía

A

Lymph node enlargement or swelling.

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6
Q

Allergen / Alérgeno

A

Something that causes an allergic reaction, like pollen or food.

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7
Q

Anaphylaxis / Anafilaxia

A

A severe allergic reaction to a substance that can be life- threatening, caused by a flood of immune chemicals that shock the body.

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8
Q

Anemia / Anemia

A

Red blood cell or hemoglobin deficiency characterized by weakness and pale skin.

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9
Q

Angioedema / Angioedema

A

Swelling of the deepest skin layers caused by vascular leakage.

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10
Q

Antibody / Anticuerpo

A

Primary molecule responsible for fighting infection or toxins, produced by B cells; they bind to the foreign substance or antigen and disable it.

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11
Q

Antigen / Antígeno

A

A foreign substance or toxin that is harmful to the body and stimulates an immune response.

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12
Q

Autoimmune disease / Enfermedad autoinmune

A

A variety of conditions in which the body’s immune system attacks itself.

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13
Q

B cells / Células B

A

These cells are a type of lymphocyte and responsible for making antibodies.

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14
Q

Bone marrow / Médula ósea

A

The spongy substance in the center of the bones that is responsible for producing stem cells that later become mature blood cells.

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15
Q

CBC / Conteo sanguíneo completo

A

Complete blood count is a blood test to measure the different components that make up the blood in order to identify a wide range of disorders like infection or anemia. *Also correct: hemograma completo o
recuento sanguíneo completo.

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16
Q

Cytokine / Citoquina

A

A protein secreted by the immune system cells, which plays a role in how cells interact and communicate.

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17
Q

Dentritic cells / Células dentríticas

A

Immune system cells that take antigens and present them to T-cells for destruction; they are the messengers between the different parts of the immune system.

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18
Q

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma / Linfoma difuso de células B grandes

A

A type of cancer affecting the white blood cells that are responsible for making antibodies.

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19
Q

DNA / ADN

A

A material in the body that self-replicates; it makes up the chromosomes and carries genetic information. *DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.

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20
Q

Flare-up / Rebrote

A

A sudden eruption or worsening of the symptoms of a disease, especially after being in remission.

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21
Q

Hemoglobin / Hemoglobina

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A

A protein containing iron in red cells that transports oxygen to all the body’s organs.

22
Q

Histamine / Histamina

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A

A chemical released by cells in allergic or inflammatory reactions, which cause muscle contractions and capillary dilation.

23
Q

HIV / VIH

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A

Human immunodeficiency virus. HIV happens when the body’s immune system attacks T cells, which decreases immunity. Untreated, it can lead to AIDS, which is severe loss of cellular immunity and can be life threatening.

24
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma / Linfoma de Hodgkin

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A

Also known as Hodgkin’s disease, this is a type of cancer in the lymphatic system characterized by abnormal overgrowth of cells, which then spread to other parts of the body.

25
Hypersensitivity / Hipersensibilidad
Also called intolerance, this is a term used to describe a host of reactions by the immune system in response to allergens or antigens.
26
Immune system / Sistema inmunitario
The system in the body that protects against infection, foreign substances, tissues, and cells.
27
Immunization / Vacunación
The process of making individuals resistant to infectious diseases, generally referred to as a vaccine.
28
Immunoglobulin / Inmunoglobina
These proteins function as antibodies; they are present within the fluid of the cells in the immune system.
29
Immunologist / Inmunólogo
Also known as an allergist, this is a medical doctor who specializes in the immune system, including immunity from disease and the immune response. *Allergist can be translated as Alergista or Alergólogo.
30
Immunosuppression / Inmunosupresión
The act of reducing the functionality of the immune system; this can happen naturally with disease or chemically with drugs to help an organ heal after transplant.
31
Innate immunity / Inmunidad innata
The automatic response in the immune system when an antigen or toxin is introduced to the body.
32
Leukemia / Leucemia
A type of cancer in the bone marrow, which prevents the production of platelets, red blood cells, or white blood cells leading to anemia, lower immunity, and poor clotting ability.
33
Leukocytes / Leucocitos
These are white blood cells, which are responsible for protecting the body against foreign substances and infection.
34
Lupus / Lupus
A number of autoimmune diseases where the immune system attacks itself and leads to severe inflammation of the skin, kidneys, blood cells, heart, lungs, and brain.
35
Lymph nodes / Ganglios linfáticos
Small swellings of tissue that are part of the immune system and used to house mature immune cells that fight off infection and unfamiliar substances. *There are many lymph nodes in the body such as cervical, inguinal, and axillary nodes. Nodes is translated as ganglios.
36
Lymph vessels / Vasos linfáticos
Lymphatic vessels carry lymph around to the tissues in the body; they are valved structures with thin walls.
37
Lymphangitis / Linfangitis
Enlargement or inflammation of the lymphatic vessel walls.
38
Lymphocyte / Linfocito
A lymphatic cell is part of the immune system and helps to defend the body against toxins or antigens.
39
Lymphoma / Linfoma
Lymph node cancer.
40
Macrophages / Macrófagos
A mobile white blood cell that is stagnant within tissues and it is responsible for accumulating at the site of infection to ingest foreign particles and organisms.
41
Pathogen / Patógeno
A virus, microorganism, or bacteria that leads to infection.
42
Plasma / Plasma
The clear, colorless fluid in milk, blood, or lymph that Plasma holds suspended fat globules.
43
Plasmapheresis / Plasmaféresis
A laboratory method to separate cells and plasma from the blood in order to discard the plasma and return only the cells back into the body using a substitution fluid. Used to treat autoimmune diseases.
44
Spleen / Bazo
This is an organ within the abdominal cavity and plays a role in the immune system by acting as a filter and removing blood cells.
45
Stem cells / Células madre
Cells that replicate after division in order to replace the number of cells that were removed or damaged, while also giving rise to the production of specialized types like T and B cells.
46
T-cells / Células T
Infection-fighting lymphatic cells within the immune system and produced by the thymus gland.
47
Thoracic duct / Ducto torácico
A main vessel in the lymphatic system that receives and moves lymph fluid from the left side of the body.
48
Thrush / Candidiasis oral
A fungal infection most commonly seen in children characterized by whitish ulcers or spots in the mouth; it is caused by Candida albicans.
49
Thymus gland / Gládula timo
A lymphoid gland located behind the sternum and responsible for developing T-cells to fight off infection and initiate the immune response to antigens or toxins.
50
Tonsils / Amígdalas
The two lumps of lymphoid tissue located in the back of the mouth.
51
Key Word Parts:
aden/o gland cyte/o cell hem/o blood -pathy disease

Medical-MITS (12 decks)

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