The Muscular System

Question 1

Achilles tendon / Tendón de Aquiles

Answer 1

A band of fibrous tissue connecting the heel bone to the calf muscle.

Question 2

Akinesia / Acinesia

Answer 2

Complete loss of voluntary movement.

Question 3

Amyloidosis / Amiloidosis

Answer 3

Abnormal protein deposits in the bones, muscles, or other organs; this is a progressive and incurable disease.

Question 4

Atrophy / Atrofia

Answer 4

Wasting away of muscle or bone, typically due to lack of use or cell degeneration. *Atrophy is caused by nonuse, whereas
dystrophy is caused by a genetic disease or
malnutrition.

Question 5

Biceps / Bíceps

Answer 5

Muscles with two points of attachment at one end. It usually refers to the muscles on the front part of the upper arm.

Question 6

BMI / Índice de masa corporal

Answer 6

Body Mass Index is a measurement of a person’s
body fat based on height and weight.

Question 7

Buttocks / Glúteos

Answer 7

The two rounded portions of gluteal muscle on
which a person sits. *Although correct, nalgas, posaderas,
trasero o sentaderas may be considered
rude or inappropriate.

Question 8

Calf / Pantorrilla

Answer 8

Plural form calves, these muscles are located in
the back part of the lower leg below the knee. Pantorrilla

Question 9

Cartilage / Cartílago

Answer 9

A flexible, firm, translucent white connective
tissue found in various forms throughout the
body.

Question 9

Cerebral Palsy/ Parálisis cerebral

Answer 9

A neurological condition marked by complete or
partial loss of motor function and caused by some
form of brain damage or abnormal development
in utero.

Question 10

Chiropractor / Quiropráctico

Answer 10

A medical practitioner focused on the
identification, diagnosis, and treatment of
neuromuscular conditions, with their primary
focus on spinal adjustments and manipulation.

Question 11

Chondrocostal / Condrocostal

Answer 11

Relating to the rib and costal cartilages.

Question 12

Chondroma / Condroma

Answer 12

A cartilaginous tumor or growth.

Question 13

Chondromalacia / Condromalacia

Answer 13

Softening and deterioration of the cartilage.

Question 14

Contracture / Contractura

Answer 14

Hardening and shortening of tendons, muscles,
or other tissues, leading to joint rigidity and
deformity.

Question 15

Contusion / Contusión

Answer 15

A bruise; an area of the skin marked by purple,
blue, or black discoloration as a result of ruptured
capillaries. *Also correct: moretón, magulladura,
cardenal o golpe.

Question 16

Cramp / Calambre

Answer 16

Also known as spasm, this is an involuntary and
painful contraction of a muscle, which happens
most often because of strain or fatigue.

Question 17

Deltoid / Deltoides

Answer 17

A large muscle that covers the shoulder and forms
its round contour. *Deltoides is singular and plural. Así que se
dice: El deltoides o Los deltoides.

Question 18

Diaphragm / Diafragma

Answer 18

A thin, dome-shaped sheet of muscle that plays a
vital role in the breathing process. It also
separates the abdomen and thorax cavities.

Question 19

Dyskinesia / Disquinesia

Answer 19

Decreased power or abnormality of voluntary
movements.

Question 20

EMG / Electromiografía

Answer 20

Electromyography is a diagnostic test using tiny
electrodes placed over the body to examine the
electrical activity and health of the nerve cells
that control the muscles.

Question 21

Exostosis / Exostosis

Answer 21

Growth of cartilage on the surface of a bone.

Question 22

Fascia / Fascia

Answer 22

Thin sheath of tissue that encloses and protects
organs and muscles.

Question 23

Fibromyalgia / Fibromialgia

Answer 23

A chronic disease marked by musculoskeletal
pain, localized joint tenderness, and fatigue.

Question 24

Gastrocnemius / Gastrocnemio

Answer 24

The primary calf muscle, which allows the foot and knee to flex.

Question 25

Glycogen / Glucógeno

Answer 25

A substance similar to glucose stored in the liver and muscles. It provides the body an additional source of energy when blood glucose levels drop.

Question 26

Hamstrings / Isquios

Answer 26

Three muscles in the back of the thigh that flex and rotate the leg. *Also called músculos isquiotibiales.

Question 27

Hypertrophy / Hipertrofia

Answer 27

Organ or body part enlargement due to increased cell size.

Question 28

Meniscus / Menisco

Answer 28

A fibrous and thin piece of cartilage located between joint surfaces, most commonly referred to in the knee.

Question 29

Muscle relaxant / Relajante muscular

Answer 29

A drug that decreases muscle tone and impairs muscle function; it is most often used to relieve muscle spasms, hyperreflexia, or pain.

Question 30

Muscular Dystrophy / Distrofia muscular

Answer 30

Wasting away and weakness of the muscles caused by a genetic disease or malnutrition. *Atrophy is caused by nonuse, whereas dystrophy is caused by a genetic disease or malnutrition.

Question 31

Muscular tear / Desgarre muscular

Answer 31

A painful rupture of muscle tissue, most commonly caused by movement beyond the normal range.

Question 32

Myasthenia Gravis / Miastenia Gravis

Answer 32

An autoimmune condition characterized by abnormally weak muscles, but non-atrophic.

Question 33

Myofibroma / Miofibroma

Answer 33

Muscle tissue tumor.

Question 34

Myopathy / Miopatía

Answer 34

Any of various diseases in the muscle.

Question 35

Myorrhaphy / Mioráfisis

Answer 35

Surgical repair or suturing of a muscle.

Question 36

Rotator cuff / Manguito rotador

Answer 36

A group of four muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint and allow the rotation and elevation of the arm.

Question 37

Rupture / Ruptura

Answer 37

A tear or break in a structure or organ, such as the spleen or tendon. *Rotura is also correct, as in rotura de ligamento

Question 38

Sarcopenia / Sarcopenia

Answer 38

A natural aging process marked by muscle loss.

Question 39

Smooth muscle / Musculo liso

Answer 39

Unlike skeletal muscle, smooth muscle moves involuntarily. It is present in the walls of hollow organs like the bladder, uterus, and stomach. The heart, however, is made of cardiac muscle.

Question 40

Soleus / Sóleo

Answer 40

A lower calf muscle that helps the foot flex and point the toes downward.

Question 41

Sprain / Torcedura

Answer 41

A violent twist of a ligament resulting in pain, swelling, and bruising. The most common locations for a sprain are the ankle and wrist. *Sprain can also be translated as esguince

Question 42

Stiffness / Rigidez

Answer 42

Inability to easily move muscles and joints.

Question 43

Strain / Estirón

Answer 43

A severe pull or tear of a muscle or tendon. The most common locations for a strain are the lower back, calves and hamstrings. *Strain is also translated as distensión. Also possible: tirón o jalón.

Question 44

Tendon / Tendón

Answer 44

Inelastic, but flexible fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone.

Question 45

Tendonitis / Tendinitis

Answer 45

Tendon inflammation, generally caused by overuse, rheumatoid disease, or infection.

Question 46

Tetanus / Tétano

Answer 46

A serious and life-threatening bacterial infection characterized by muscle spasms.

Question 47

Trapezius / Trapecio

Answer 47

One of two triangular muscles spreading over the shoulders and back of the neck, which helps the head move.

Question 48

Triceps / Tríceps

Answer 48

A muscle that has three attachments at the end, used most often in reference to the large muscle in the back of the arm.

Question 49

Whiplash / Latigazo cervical

Answer 49

Neck injury caused by severe jerking of the head, such as in a car accident.

Question 50

Key Word Parts:

Answer 50

chondr/o - cartilage my/o - muscle -algia - pain -malacia - softening sarc- flesh -penia - poverty