The Medici Family Test

Question 1

Used as a pawn by the Florentines, traded for the safety of the city wen they surrendered to the army of Giovanni and Guilio; married to French prince at 14

Answer 1

Catherine de Medici

Question 2

Who excommunicated Martin Luther?

Answer 2

Pope Leo X

Question 3

Who was run out of Florence and exiled for 9 years, returned with an army to invade Florence, was later welcomed after becoming pope

Answer 3

Giovanni de Medici (Pope Leo X)

Question 4

Who refused Henry VIII’s divorce, leading to England’s establishing the first Protestant nation?

Answer 4

Pope Clement VII

Question 5

Was pope when Germans sacked Rome under Holy Roman Emperor Charles V; his poor negotiation skills were largely to blame for the attack

Answer 5

Guilio de Medici (Clement VII)

Question 6

Hired by Florentine government to set up defenses for Florence against Giovanni and Guilio de Medici; assembled a national militia

Answer 6

Niccolo Machiavelli

Question 7

Forced by Pope Leo X to sculpt Medici tombs in Florence

Answer 7

Michelangelo

Question 8

Sold papal indulgences to pay off his debt

Answer 8

Giovanni de Medici (Pope Leo X)

Question 9

Son of Guiliano who was adopted by Lorenzo

Answer 9

Guilio de Medici (Clement VII)

Question 10

Lorenzo’s son who became the youngest cardinal in history; Medici money bought him the papacy; he became Pope Leo X

Answer 10

Giovanni de Medici

Question 11

Became Pope Clement VII after the longest conclave in history, it took him two years to be elected.

Answer 11

Guilio de Medici

Question 12

His statue of David became a symbol for Florence’s hatred of Medici

Answer 12

Michelangelo

Question 13

Wrote “The Prince”, a cynical book describing the realities of politics in his day; dedicated it to the Medici to gain their patronage

Answer 13

Niccolo Machiavelli

Question 14

Dissected corpses to learn human anatomy

Answer 14

Leonardo de Vinci

Question 15

Helped de Medici cousins get army to invade Florence after their exile

Answer 15

Pope Julius II

Question 16

Wrote to his brother, “God has given us the papacy; let us enjoy it.”

Answer 16

Giovanni de Medici (Pope Leo X)

Question 17

Employed nepotism when he made Guilio cardinal of Florence.

Answer 17

Pope Leo X

Question 18

After the cardinals attempted his assassination, he created hundreds of jobs in the Vatican and sold them to his friends to make money and protect his position, much like mafia don.

Answer 18

Giovanni de Medici (Pope Leo X)

Question 19

Completed what his cousin began; splitting the church and starting a war in Europe.

Answer 19

Guilio de Medici (Clement VII)

Question 20

Popes could excommunicate (throw from the church and damn forever) Christians guilty of _________, which was believing anything other than what the church preached.

Answer 20

HERESY

Question 21

____________, who built the dome of the Florence Cathedral, was both architect and engineer

Answer 21

BRUNELLESCHI

Question 22

Florentines came to watch the construction of the dome. One of the things that amazed them was Brunelleschi’s use of the classical orders of ________, which hadn’t been used since the fall of Rome.

Answer 22

ARCHITECTURE

Question 23

Although Brunelleschi examined the construction of the dome of the Roman Pantheon, he couldn’t use the same techniques because of the size of the dome and because the recipe for making _______ had been lost.

Answer 23

CONCRETE

Question 24

Brunelleschi also devised a way to alter the ________ on pulleys so the oxen could pull the 1700-pound sandstone beams 250 feet into the air and return them to the ground without changing direction.

Answer 24

GEARS

Question 25

Brunelleschi was jailed and forced to stop work on Il Duomo (the dome) when his patron was found guilty of treason against ____________.

Answer 25

FLORENCE

Question 26

Cosimo escaped from the tower that was his prison by ________ the guards

Answer 26

BRIBING

Question 27

When Cosimo was finally asked to return to Florence, he had even more power and prestige. The Medici banks became the most important banks in Europe as they collected money for the __________.

Answer 27

POPE

Question 28

Cosimo de Medici’s patronage of Baldesari Cossa paid off when Cosa became Pope __________________.

Answer 28

JOHN XXIII

Question 29

Marcello Fantoni: “Patronage is great for the production of art but totally irrational from an economic view. ____________ is a political strategy… high political competition.

Answer 29

PATRONAGE

Question 30

Florence was proud to be the only __________ in Europe; but the government was often corrupt.

Answer 30

REPUBLIC

Question 31

Seventy percent of all Renaissance ________ lived and worked in Florence

Answer 31

ARTISTS

Question 32

Brunelleschi also invented linear _____________. According to Jeremy Brotton, this invention changed the way we see, creating a modern way of looking at the world

Answer 32

PERSPECTIVE

Question 33

The bronze sculpture of David by ________ was the first free-standing statue created since ancient Rome.

Answer 33

DONATELLO

Question 34

Once II Duomo was finished, Cosimo organized the _____________ of Florence, which brought people from all over the world to his city; included were scholars who knew and could translate Greek the ancient Greek tests the Cosimo and his friends had been searching for.

Answer 34

GENERAL COUNCIL

Question 35

In 1517, attached his 95 These on the door of Wittenberg Cathedral

Answer 35

Martin Luther

Question 36

T or F: Lorenzo de Medici married Clarice Orsini because she was beautiful and he was in love with her.

Answer 36

False

Question 37

T or F: The system of patronage used by the Medici family to operate Florence and Tuscany, in which people are personally loyal to a family that looks out for them in return, was similar to the system used by the Mafia to control Southern Italy.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

T or F: The Pazzi, a rival banking family, tried to have Lorenzo and his sister killed Easter Sunday 1478 in the Florentine cathedral.

Answer 38

False

Question 39

T or F: Lorenzo survived, and his supporters hanged the conspirators, including two relatives of the pope from the government building windows.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

T or F: When Lorenzo returned to Florence, he was named “II Magnifico” and asked to take over the government of Florence; he agreed

Answer 40

False

Question 41

T or F: Monks hired by the Pazzi killed Guiliano by shooting him to death.

Answer 41

False

Question 42

T or F: For 20 years, the Florentines benefited from Lorenzo’s public generosity, his “spending virtuously” on buildings, art, festivals, and entertainments.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

T or F: In the “Bonfires of the Vanities,” Savonarola and his followers burned books, makeup, clothes, wigs, art, and jewelry.

Answer 43

True

Question 44

T or F: Botticelli’s paintings like The Birth of Venus are religious rather than humanistic.

Answer 44

False

Question 45

T or F: Girolamo Savonarola was a Dominican priest who worked for Lorenzo.

Answer 45

False

Question 46

T or F: Michelangelo and Botticelli fought against Savonarola.

Answer 46

False

Question 47

T or F: Eventually Botticelli either changed his mind about what subjects are appropriate for his own paintings or he feared the repercussions his art might bring because he threw some of his own paintings on Savonarola’s “Bonfire of the Vanities.”

Answer 47

True

Question 48

T or F: When Lorenzo died in 1492, Savonarola forgave him on his deathbed.

Answer 48

False

Question 49

T or F: After Lorenzo’s death, Savonarola gained control of the city; his bands of “skinhead” teens roamed the city beating up prostitutes, burning homosexuals, and harassing anyone wearing jewelry, makeup, or elaborate clothes as well as anyone still owning dice or cards.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

T or F: When Lorenzo’s banks began to fail, the ‘amici delle amici’ (friends of friends) system of influence began to break down because there weren’t enough personal favors to go around.

Answer 50

True