The Movement in the 1960s

Question 1

What happened on the 1st February 1960 in Greensboro, North Carolina

Answer 1

4 AA students from local college went to Woolworths + ordered food & drink at the ‘whites-only’ counter

Question 2

The next day how many students came back with them

Answer 2

23 (including 3 white students)

Question 3

On the 3rd day how many were there

Answer 3

80

Question 4

What was the goal of the sit-in

Answer 4

Disrupt business activity & demonstrate that segregated businesses profit from white and AA customers equally

Question 5

When was Woolworths forced to close down

Answer 5

6th Feb

Question 6

Why was Greensboro sit in successful x5

Answer 6

Students
Didn’t have jobs to lose
Staff didn’t know how to react & took time to call the police
Allowed the protest to gain momentum and publicity
Gained support of prominent locals

Question 7

What happened on the 25th July 1960

Answer 7

The lunch counter served its first AA customer

Question 8

How many people took part in sit-ins after the Greensboro sit-in

Answer 8

70000

Question 9

What happened to those taking part in the sit-in

Answer 9

They face a lot of abuse from some white segregationists
Insulted , spat at, food and drink thrown at them

Question 10

How did the protesters retaliate?

Answer 10

Without violence

Question 11

How were the police involved in sit in?

Answer 11

2000 arrests
Arrested protesters for breaking the law
Ignored the white people who attacked the protesters

Question 12

Effects of Greensboro sit-in x

Answer 12

Woolworths counter became integrated
By the end of 1960, 120 cities in towns in the south had desegregated their lunch counters
The idea of sit-ins spread
Show the power of nonviolent protest 

Question 13

Where did the children’s Crusade take place?

Answer 13

Birmingham, Alabama

Question 14

When did the children Crusade take place?

Answer 14

May 1963

Question 15

What was the most segregated city in the USA?

Answer 15

Birmingham, Alabama

Question 16

When did the Children’s Crusade campaign begin?

Answer 16

Early April 1963

Question 17

At the beginning of the campaign, what happened to those who took part

Answer 17

They were placed in jail and arrested one of those was Martin Luther King

Question 18

When were young children included in the protest

Answer 18

2nd May

Question 19

How old were the people marching?

Answer 19

Teenagers and children as young as 6

Question 20

Where did they march towards on the 2nd of May?

Answer 20

The white part of town knowing they’d be put in jail

Question 21

By 4 o’clock on the first day of the children’s protest how many children were in jail

Answer 21

959

Question 22

What did Bull Connor do and who was he

Answer 22

Chief of the police
Brought firemen with hoses and policemen with dogs
Children socked by hoses, beaten by police and set on by dogs

Question 23

After 3 days how many people in jail (children’s crusade)

Answer 23

Over 2000

Question 24

What did the children’s Crusade aim to end?

Answer 24

The rigid system of segregation in Birmingham

Question 25

As a result, what was desegregated in Birmingham?

Answer 25

Lunch counters, shops, toilets, and job opportunities

Question 26

Effect of the children crusade

Answer 26

National outrage from the newspapers and television cruise filming the young getting arrested and beaten President Johnston outlawed discrimination in public places and accommodation through the civil rights act 1964

Question 27

What did President Kennedy do? Then what did governor of Alabama do? Then what did Kennedy do (Children’s Crusade)

Answer 27

Sent and negotiator to work out an agreement and the mayor and the protest leaders began talks on 10th May GofA sent in state troops, stirring violence, bombings of AA homes+businesses Kennedy called in Federal troops to regain calm

Question 28

When was the March on Washington

Answer 28

August 1963

Question 29

What did president kennedy do in 1963

Answer 29

Asked the congress to pass a Civil Rights Bill making racial discrimination in public illegal

Question 30

Why did AA civil rights campaigners and white supporters organise the march on Washington

Answer 30

Politicians said they’d fight against the CR bill and AA’s thought the bill wouldn’t be passed

Question 31

Why did they march in Washington

Answer 31

Demand guaranteed civil rights for all

Question 32

How many participated in Washington march

Answer 32

More than 250,000 including 60,000 whites

Question 33

What happened on the steps of the Lincoln memorial

Answer 33

MLK made his historic i have a dream speech

Question 34

Where did the voting rights march take place

Answer 34

Selma to Montgomery

Question 35

What year did the vr march take place

Answer 35

1965

Question 36

By law were African-Americans allowed to vote in 1965?

Answer 36

Yes

Question 37

How were AA’s obstructed from voting in the South

Answer 37

Literacy test, authorities kept the courthouse closed

Question 38

Would white people be able to get registered to vote easily

Answer 38

Yes

Question 39

Why did MLK target Selma x2

Answer 39

Many AA’s living there but almost all the voters were white Knew Jim Clark, sheriff, would react violently

Question 40

After a few days what happened (vr march topic)

Answer 40

Clark treated the AA’s badly

Question 41

Because Clark mistreated the AA’s what did they do

Answer 41

Organise a march from Selma to Montgomery

Question 42

What did police do on the vr march

Answer 42

Block the route of 1500 marchers

Question 43

What did MLK do when route was blocked by police + what were the effects of this

Answer 43

Avoided violence, stopped + led a prayer meeting and turned around Lost AA supporters as they thought non violence didn’t work and they wanted change and justice

Question 44

When was President Eisenhower president

Answer 44

1954-1960

Question 45

When was President Kennedy president

Answer 45

1961-1963

Question 46

When was President Johnson president

Answer 46

1963-1969

Question 47

What did President Eisenhower do? X3

Answer 47

Sent troops to Little Rock to protect 9 AA’s trying to get to school Stood up against state government in south breaking the law 1957 civil rights act - 1st passed since 1875

Question 48

What did President Kennedy do? X3

Answer 48

Appointed 5 AA federal judges Trips to University of Mississippi so James Meredith could study there 1963 proposed civil rights bill to Congress —>MLK organised March on Washington—> assassinated

Question 49

What did President Johnson do? X5

Answer 49

Tackled problems of poverty in cities and lack of full civil rights for AA’s 1964 civil rights act -outlawed racial discrimination in public, EEOC set up to investigate complaints 1965 voting rights act 1967 Supreme Court -state laws forbidding interracial marriages were unconstitutional 1967 civil rights act -racial discrimination in housing became illegal

Question 50

Significance of Eisenhower work 

Answer 50

First president take a stand against discrimination in schools

Question 51

Significance of Kennedy‘s work 

Answer 51

Was the reason MLK organised March on Washington

Question 52

Significance of Johnson’s work 

Answer 52

Racial discrimination was now illegal, which meant that AA’s would have more rights