The Multi-Store Model Flashcards
(27 cards)
How long is memory stored in sensory memory?
1/2 second
What are the three stores of memory in the Multi-Store Model?
Sensory memory
Short-Term Memory
Long-Term Memory
How is information transferred from sensory memory to short-term memory?
By paying attention
How does information come in to the sensory memory?
Through the senses
The sensory memory is “modality specific”- What does this mean? Give an example.
Data is stored in the same form in which it is received. E.g. Visual information is stored as iconic memory, auditory memory is stored as echoic memory.
What is the capacity of sensory memory?
Sensory memory is quite large, but due to its brief duration, we cannot accurately measure it.
Who devised The Multi-Store Model?
Atkinson & Shiffrin 1968
What is the capacity of short-term memory?
7 +/- 2
Who described short-term memory’s limited capacity as “the magical number 7 +/- 2”?
Miller (1956)
Describe the Peterson & Peterson study:
- Participants were asked to remember a nonsense trigram. They then carried out a distractor task (counting backwards in 3s) to stop them from rehearsing the trigram.
- They were then asked to recall the trigram after 3, 6, 9, 12 or 18 seconds.
What were the results of the Peterson & Peterson study?
Average recall was 80% after 3 seconds but this dropped to 10% after 18 seconds.
What is the duration of short-term memory?
15-30 seconds
What coding does short-term memory use?
Mainly sound/acoustic coding.
How is information transferred from short-term memory to long-term memory?
Rehearsal
What is the capacity of long-term memory?
Unlimited and impossible to measure.
What is the duration of long-term memory?
From a few minutes to many years.
What coding (for words) does long-term memory use?
Semantic
What is semantic coding?
Information is stored by meaning.
Why does the Peterson & Peterson study support the Multi-Store Model?
It shows that short-term memory has a limited duration.
What is the primary-recency effect?
You remember the first words in the list as they have been rehearsed and stored in long-term memory. You remember the last words in a list as they are still fresh in your short-term memory. The words in the middle of the list are lost.
Why does the primacy-recency effect support the Multi-Store Model?
Because it shows that short-term memory and long-term memory are separate.
Who discovered the primary-recency effect?
Glanzer & Cunitz (1966)
Or Murdock
Where does other evidence of the Multi-Store Model come from?
Studies of brain-damaged patients such as Clive Wearing and H.M.
The Multi-Store Model is criticised for being too…
Simplistic.
