The Muscular System

Question 1

what is the structure of skeletal muscle?

Answer 1

striated
multinucleated
usually attached to bone

Question 2

Function of skeletal muscle

Answer 2

-voluntary movements
-locomotion
-facial expression

Question 3

structure of cardiac muscle

Answer 3

-striated
-single nucleus
-branched
-intercalated disks

Question 4

function of cardiac muscle

Answer 4

involuntary
-as it contracts, it propels blood into the circulation

Question 5

structure of smooth muscle

Answer 5

-non striated
-single nucleus
-spindle shaped cells
-cells arrranged closely to form sheets
-central nuclei

Question 6

Function of smooth muscle

Answer 6

-involuntary
-propels substances or objects along internal passage ways

Question 7

List some functions of muscles

Answer 7

-movement-skeletal muscles
-posture-holding the body in position
-regulating organ volume-use of smooth sphincter muscles
-moving substances in the body-smooth muscle, blood vessels
-heat production-by product of energy

Question 8

list some characteristics of muscles

Answer 8

-excitability
-contractility
-extensibility
-elasticity

Question 9

define excitability (irritability) when reffering to the muscles

Answer 9

ability to respond to a stimulus

Question 10

define contractility when reffering to muscles

Answer 10

ability to contract when stimulated

Question 11

define extensibility when reffering to the muscles

Answer 11

ability to be stretched or extended

Question 12

define elasticity when reffering to muscles

Answer 12

ability to return to original length after stretching

Question 13

What is meant by the origin of the muscle?

Answer 13

One end of the muscle is attached to a structure usually the bone that remains stationary.

Question 14

Defin what is meant by the insertion of a muscle

Answer 14

the opposite end of the muscle that is moved by the contraction is known as the insertion.

Question 15

What type of tissue are tendons and ligaments made from?

Answer 15

-connective tissues

Question 16

Define tendon

Answer 16

attach muscle to bone

Question 17

Define gaster or belly

Answer 17

the fleshy/meaty portion of the muscle that contracts

Question 18

define antagonistic pair

Answer 18

stretches and yields to the action of the agonist (opposing pairs)

Question 19

Define agonist

Answer 19

also known as prime mover -contracts to cause an action

Question 20

define synergist

Answer 20

contract to stabilise intermediate joints

Question 21

define fixator

Answer 21

stabilise the origin of the agonist

Question 22

List features of the skeletal muscle

Answer 22

-bone
-tendon
-epimysium
-perimysium
-fascicle
-blood vessels
-endomysium
-myofibrils

Question 23

what are bundles of muscle fibres called?

Answer 23

Fascicles

Question 24

what does the epimysium surround?

Answer 24

surrounds the whole muscle

Question 25

What does the perimysium surround?

Answer 25

fascicles

Question 26

What does endomysium surround?

Answer 26

individual muscle fibres

Question 27

What makes muscles appear striated?

Answer 27

The thin actin and thick myosin overlapping

Question 28

what are the products of coupled reaction of creatine phosphate and ADP?

Answer 28

1 ATP per CP creatine

Question 29

what are two stages of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 29

-glycolyisis -latic acid formation

Question 30

What physiological changes take place during excersie?

Answer 30

-increase in CO2 and lactic acid, Ph becomes more acid -increase in muscle movement and increase in respiration -increased return of blood to the heart

Question 31

during excersie which receptors detect the physiological changes?

Answer 31

-chemoreceptors detect CO2 and PH -proprioreceptors detect increased muscle movement -baroreceptors detect increase blood return to the heart

Question 32

During excersise what are the outcomes of the physiological changes?

Answer 32

-increase in ventilation and cardiac output Q= HR x SV other changes such as vasodilation, vasoconstriction ect...

Question 33

list the energy sources during short duration excersie.

Answer 33

-ATP stored in muscle is used first -ATP is formed from creatine phosphate and ADP -Glycogen stored in muscle is broken down glucose which is oxsidised to generate ATP.