The Muscular System - Ch. 11

Question 1

There are approximately how many muscles in the human body?

80
126
206
700

Answer 1

700

Question 2

Which of the following terms is given to muscles visible at the body surface?

superficialis
teres
profundus
major

Answer 2

superficialis

Remember the word that means “surface.”

Question 3

What are the four types of muscles identified by different patterns of organization?

movers, synergists, antagonists, and agonists
parallel, convergent, pennate, and circular
flexors, extensors, adductors, and abductors
skeletal, smooth, cardiac, and visceral

Answer 3

parallel, convergent, pennate, and circular

Remember that these are arrangements of muscle fibers.

Question 4

In a convergent muscle, the muscle fibers are __________.

based over a broad area, but all the fibers come together at a common attachment site
arranged concentrically around an opening or a recess
parallel to the long axis of the muscle
arranged to form a common angle with the tendon

Answer 4

based over a broad area, but all the fibers come together at a common attachment site

Remember what the word convergent means.

Question 5

A first-class lever is one in which __________.

speed and distance traveled are increased at the expense of the force
the fulcrum lies between the applied force and the load
the load is located between the applied force and the fulcrum
a force is applied between the load and the fulcrum

Answer 5

the fulcrum lies between the applied force and the load

Question 6

The effect of an arrangement in which a force is applied between the load and the fulcrum illustrates the principles of __________.

  	first-class levers
  	second-class levers
  	third-class levers
  	fourth-class levers

Answer 6

third-class levers

Remember that this is the most common lever in the body.

Question 7

The movable attachment of muscle to bone or other connective tissue is referred to as the __________.

insertion
rotator
joint
origin

Answer 7

insertion

Remember that the immovable attachment is usually proximal to this attachment.

Question 8

A muscle whose contraction is chiefly responsible for producing a particular movement is called __________.

an antagonist
a prime mover
an originator
a synergist

Answer 8

a prime mover

Remember that this muscle is also known as an agonist.

Question 9

A fixator is __________.

an agonist, or prime mover
a synergist that prevents movement at another joint and stabilizes the origin of the agonist
an antagonist
none of the listed types of muscles

Answer 9

a synergist that prevents movement at another joint and stabilizes the origin of the agonist

Question 10

Extrinsic muscles are those that __________.

are visible at the body surface
operate within an organ
are prominent and can be easily seen
position or stabilize an organ

Answer 10

position or stabilize an organ

Question 11

Why do we use the word biceps to describe particular muscles?

There are two areas in the body where biceps are found.
There are two tendons of origin.
The man who named them was an Italian by the name of Biceppe Longo.
There are two muscles in the body with the same characteristics.

Answer 11

There are two tendons of origin.

Remember that the prefix in the word refers to attachments.

Question 12

Erica and Rob are driving to the top of Mount Evans, a 14,000-foot peak in the Colorado Rockies that is accessible by car. As their elevation continues to change, they chew gum and swallow to adjust to the atmospheric pressure changes. What specific muscles are they contracting and relaxing to open the auditory tubes?

semispinalis muscles
palatal muscles
pterygoid muscles
pharyngeal constrictor muscles

Answer 12

palatal muscles

Remember that these muscles help elevate the soft palate.

Question 13

Which muscles maximize the efficient use of teeth during mastication?

procerus, capitis, and zygomaticus
temporalis, pterygoid, and masseter
mandibular, maxillary, and zygomaticus
glossus, platysma, and risorius

Answer 13

temporalis, pterygoid, and masseter

Think about the muscles that elevate the mandible.

Question 14

The names of the muscles of the tongue are readily identified because their descriptive names end in __________.

pollicis
hallucis
genio
glossus

Answer 14

glossus

Question 15

The superficial muscles of the spine are identified by subdivisions that include __________.

iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis
cervicis, thoracis, and lumborum
capitis, splenius, and spinalis
longissimus, transversus, and longus

Answer 15

iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis

Remember that these muscles are closer to the posterior surface.

Question 16

During inhaling, the __________ muscle(s) contract(s) to elevate the ribs. During a forceful exhalation, the ___________ muscle(s) contract(s) to depress the ribs.

external intercostal; internal intercostal
rhomboid major; levator scapulae
scalene; external intercostal
transversus abdominis; internal oblique

Answer 16

external intercostal; internal intercostal

Question 17

The muscular floor of the pelvic cavity is formed by muscles that make up the __________.

ilium and the ischium
urogenital and anal triangle
sacrum and the coccyx
ischium and the pubis

Answer 17

urogenital and anal triangle

Think about the organs and openings in pelvic floor.

Question 18

From the following selections, choose the one that includes only muscles that move the shoulder girdle.

procerus, capitis, pterygoid, brachialis
trapezius, rhomboid major, pectoralis minor, subclavius
internal oblique, thoracis, deltoid, pectoralis minor
teres major, deltoid, pectoralis major, triceps

Answer 18

trapezius, rhomboid major, pectoralis minor, subclavius

Think about some of the muscles along the anterior and posterior surfaces of the torso.

Question 19

From the following selections, choose the one that includes only muscles that move the arm.

brachialis, brachioradialis, pronator, supinator
rhomboideus, serratus anterior, subclavius, trapezius
trapezius, pectoralis minor, subclavius, triceps
deltoid, teres major, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major

Answer 19

deltoid, teres major, latissimus dorsi, pectorals major

Remember that these muscles are moving the humerus.

Question 20

Which muscles arise on the humerus and the forearm and rotate the radius without producing either flexion or extension of the elbow?

carpi ulnaris and radialis
brachialis and brachioradialis
pronator teres and supinator
triceps and biceps brachii

Answer 20

pronator teres and supinator

Remember that these muscles do not cause any change in the angle between the humerus and the forearm bones.

Question 21

Which terms describe the actions of the muscles that move the palm and fingers?

adductor, abductor, extensor, flexor
rotator, tensor, extensor, adductor
depressor, levator, pronator, rotator
tensor, supinator, levator, pronator

Answer 21

adductor, abductor, extensor, flexor

Think about the range of motion in the fingers.

Question 22

Which of the following muscle groups are responsible for movement of the thigh?

abductor, flexor, extensor
adductor, gluteal, lateral rotator
procerus, capitis, pterygoid
depressor, levator, rotator

Answer 22

adductor, gluteal, lateral rotator

Question 23

The flexors that move the lower leg, commonly known as the hamstrings, include the __________.

biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus
piriformis, lateral rotators, obturator, and sartorius
rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis
sartorius, rectus femoris, gracilis, vand astus medialis

Answer 23

biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus

Question 24

The extensors that move the lower leg, commonly known as the quadriceps, include the __________.

piriformis, lateral rotator, obturator, and sartorius
semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis, and sartorius
popliteus, gracilis, rectus femoris, and biceps femoris
rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis and vastus medialis

Answer 24

rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis

Remember that these muscles increase the angle between the femur and the lower leg bones.

Question 25

What are the major muscles that produce plantar flexion involved with the movement of the lower leg? flexor hallucis, obturator, and gracilis gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis posterior sartorius, soleus, and flexor hallucis tibialis anterior, calcaneal, and popliteus

Answer 25

gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis posterior Remember that these muscles move the sole to face the posterior side.

Question 26

The actions produced by arm muscles but NOT by leg muscles are __________. rotation and adduction abduction and adduction flexion and extension pronation and supination

Answer 26

pronation and supination

Question 27

Which muscle elevates the shoulders, as when you shrug your shoulders? serratus anterior trapezius pectoralis major subclavius

Answer 27

trapezius

Question 28

Do you remember the tongue twister “Sally sells seashells by the seashore”? Of the collections of muscles below, which group or groups work together to provide the delicate movements of the tongue during speech? superior constrictor, middle constrictor, inferior constrictor, and boa constrictor muscles palatoglossus, styloglossus, genioglossus, and hyoglossus muscles masseter, temporalis, and pterygoid muscles All of the listed responses are correct.

Answer 28

palatoglossus, styloglossus, genioglossus, and hyoglossus muscles Remember that all these muscles have the same root meaning “tongue.”

Question 29

What happens when a muscle contracts and its fibers shorten? The insertion moves toward the origin. The origin and the insertion move in the same direction. The origin moves toward the insertion. The origin and the insertion move in opposite directions.

Answer 29

The insertion moves toward the origin. Remember that this moves the bones at a joint closer together.

Question 30

The rectus muscles, which lie between the vertebral spines and the ventral midline, are important __________. rotators of the spinal column extensors of the spine sphincters of the rectum flexors of the spinal column

Answer 30

flexors of the spinal column

Question 31

Tim is a new father and is not used to changing diapers. He grimaces and purses his lips when he changes his son’s diapers. Which collection of muscles is he using to contort his mouth this way? zygomaticus minor and major orbicularis oris and risorius inferior rectus and medial rectus frontal belly of occipitofrontalis and corrugator supercilii

Answer 31

orbicularis oris and risorius

Question 32

The structural commonality of the rectus femoris and the rectus abdominis is that they are __________. both found in the region of the rectum parallel muscles whose fibers run along the long axis of the body attached to bones involved in similar functional activities muscles whose fibers are arranged to control peristalsis in the rectum

Answer 32

parallel muscles whose fibers run along the long axis of the body Remember what the word rectus means.

Question 33

Why are infants often given intramuscular injections in their vastus lateralis muscle? Because the muscle is large, it is easier to make an injection there than in the gluteus maximus or deltoid muscle. Because infants cannot walk, it is not likely that an injection in that muscle would give them significant pain. The muscle is very large, and it is less likely that an injection there will puncture a blood vessel or nerve. All of the listed responses are correct.

Answer 33

Because infants cannot walk, it is not likely that an injection in that muscle would give them significant pain. Think of what activities an infant is not doing.

Question 34

Which muscle or muscles are synergistic with the diaphragm during inspiration? external intercostals rectus abdominis internal intercostals pectoralis minor

Answer 34

external intercostals Remember that these muscles are on the outside of the ribs.

Question 35

When a person is playing an instrument such as a trumpet, the muscle used to compress the cheeks and blow forcefully is the __________. stylohyoid masseter pterygoid buccinator

Answer 35

buccinator

Question 36

What is the most powerful and important muscle a person uses when chewing food? pterygoid zygomaticus buccinator masseter

Answer 36

masseter Remember that this muscle moves the mandible.

Question 37

Marcia, a sprinter, pulls a hamstring muscle the day before a big race. Which of the following muscles has she NOT injured? biceps femoris semimembranosus rectus femoris semitendinosus

Answer 37

rectus femoris

Question 38

The muscular elements that provide substantial support for the loosely built shoulder joint are collectively referred to as the __________. pronator quadratus rotator cuff coracobrachialis levator scapulae

Answer 38

rotator cuff

Question 39

The biceps muscle makes a prominent bulge when an individual __________. extends the forearm pronated extends the forearm supinated flexes the forearm pronated flexes the forearm supinated

Answer 39

flexes the forearm supinated

Question 40

Ann has been complaining of pain and tingling in her right palm. The doctor diagnoses Ann with tenosynovitis of her right flexor tendon sheath and gives her glucocorticoids to ease her discomfort. What is a common name for Ann's condition? rotator cuff injury torn calcaneal tendon compartment syndrome carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 40

carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 41

In an individual who complains of shin splints, the affected muscles are located over the __________. posterior surface of the leg anterior and posterior surfaces of the leg anterior surface of the leg anterior surface of the thigh

Answer 41

anterior surface of the leg Remember that this is an area that is not covered with a lot of muscle.

Question 42

Fibrosis is defined as __________. an increase in the amount of connective tissue in muscles that is often seen in the elderly an inability to relax muscles, leading to death if the diaphragm is affected damage to blood vessels in a muscular compartment of a limb that can lead to swelling of the affected compartment and nerve compression none of the listed conditions

Answer 42

an increase in the amount of connective tissue in muscles that is often seen in the elderly Remember that this is a kind of scarring.

Question 43

Which muscle is active when a person crosses the legs? serratus sartorius soleus trapezius

Answer 43

sartorius

Question 44

Which facial muscle is active in smiling? zygomaticus major temporalis latissimus occipitofrontalis

Answer 44

zygomaticus major

Question 45

Which muscle separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities? serratus anterior rectus abdominis diaphragm latissimus dorsi

Answer 45

diaphragm

Question 46

What is the major abductor of the arm? biceps brachii flexor carpi deltoid pectoralis major

Answer 46

deltoid Remember that this muscle is located over the shoulder joint.

Question 47

Circular muscles that guard entrances and exits of internal passageways are called __________. abductors sphincters adductors flexors

Answer 47

sphincters

Question 48

A strain of the groin could affect which of the following muscles? gluteus medius deltoid rectus abdominis adductor magnus

Answer 48

adductor magnus Remember that this muscle moves the leg medially.

Question 49

During exercise, activity of skeletal muscles would NOT cause which of the following effects on other body systems? utilization of glycogen reserves increased respiratory rate and depth of respiration decreased sweat gland activity increased heart rate

Answer 49

decreased sweat gland activity

Question 50

The pharyngeal constrictors control __________. posture speech bleeding swallowing

Answer 50

swallowing Remember what activities happen in the pharynx.