The Nervous System Flashcards by Charlotte J Knudsen

what does the CN consist of?

Brain

spinal cord

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what consists of the PNS?

everything outside of the CNS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the main function of the CNS?

information processing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the main functions of the PNS?

sensory Afferent

motor Efferent

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the two divergents of Efferent division?

somatic NS

autonomic NS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what does the SNS do?

vulentary NS

consciously control movement

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what does the ANS do?

involuntary NS

automatically regulates activities

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how can the autonomic NS be further devided?

sympathetic

parasympathetic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what does the somatic NS control?

skelital muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the dendrites and where can they be found?

the branches out of the soma or body of the neuron

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the axon?

it is the long branch extending from the other side of the soma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

in order, what are the devisions of the axon?

axon hillock
initial segment
axolemma
axoplasm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what does the axon hillock do?

origin of the axon from the soma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the function of the initial segment of the axon?

it is where the action potential is initiated

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the axolemma?

it is the specialised portion of the plasma membrane surrounds cytoplasm of the axon

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is in the axoplasm?

neurofibrils
neurotubules
small vesicles
lysosomes
mitochondria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the in cytoskeleton of the soma?

neurofilament

neurofibrils

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are neurofibrils?

bubbles of neurofilament used to support structure of the dentrite and the axon

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the extensions off of the axon called?

telodendria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the names of the ends of the telodendria?

axon terminals or synaptic terminals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the latin name of the cell body of a neuron?

soma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is a synaps?

specialised size where the neuron communicates with another cell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the two main structures involved with a synapse?

presynaptic cell

postsynaptic cell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

where are the neurotransmitters released?

presynaptic neuron

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the synaptic cleft/

space in between two neurons

where are neurotransmitters synthesised?

the cell body

what happens to broken down neurotransmitters?

reobsorbed | reassemble broken fragments

where can neurotransmitters be broken down?

synaptic cleft

what is found on the postsynaptic membrane?

neuronal receptors

how are neurotransmitters packaged?

through synaptic vesicles within the axon terminal

what are the 4 variations of neurons?

anna sonic neurons unipolar neurons bipolar neurons multipolar neurons

what are the features of the anatomical neuron?

lacks distinguishable features of what are dendrties and what are axons

where is an annex neuron mainly located?

the brain

what are the features of the bipolar neuron?

two processes one with dendrite no one with just an axon

what are the charicteristics of the unipolar neuron?

axon and dendrites is continuous | cell body lays off to one side

what is the most common neuron for the peripheral NS?

unipolar neuron

what are the charicteristics of the multipolar neurons?

two or more dendrites | single axon

what aria is the multipolar neuron used for?

CNS | skelital muscle

What are oligerdendroctyes?

structural framework around the axons

where are oligerdendrocytes found?

in the CNS

what do oligerdendrocytes produce?

myelin

what do the myelin sheaths do?

wrap around the axon | increase transmition speed through the axon

what kind of cell is the epindymal cell?

simple cuboidal and can be a columnar epithelium

where do the epindymal cell line?

fluid filled passage ways in the spinal cord which stop near the center ceneral canal ans in the brain called the ventricles

what fluid can be found in the ventricals and the centeral canal of the spinal cord?

CSF cerebrospinal fluid

what are microglia related to?

monocytes and macrophages

what do microglia do? and where do they move?

remove cellular debris, waste and pathogens

how do microglial cells remove waste?

through phagocytosis

what do astrocytes do?

maintain the blood brain barrier

what are the spaced between the myelin sheaths called?

nodes or node of ranvier

how many axons do oligerdendrocytes cover with their mylination?

multipule (they are hoes)

where do schwann cells place themsleves?

on the PNS axons

how many axons can schwann cells mylenate?

one

what does a satellite cell do? and where is it found?

regulate environment around the neurons= equivalent of CNS astrocytes surround the neuron cell body

what is the name of the name of an undesturbed neuronal cell?

resting membrane potential

what is graded potential?

localised change in resting membrane potential

what happens if the graded potential is large enough?

becomes an action potential

what does the synaptic activity include?

release of neurotransmitters

what is the resting rate of a neuron membrane?

-70 mv

how do potassium ions diffuses?

through potassium leak channels

-70 mv is called…

polarisation

what is the name of the rate -55mv

action potential threshold

what is the name of the rate at +40 mv?

depolerisation

when the action potential comes down what is that called?

repolarisation

when the voltage goes below resting rate of -70mv, what is this called?

hyperpolerisation

where is the pia mater found?

firmly bound to the underlying neural tissue closest to the spinal cord

what is the pia mater made out of ?

mesh work elastic and collagen fibres

where is the arachnoid mater found?

middle of menengeal layer

what is the arachnoid mater made of?

simple squamous epithelium

what are the three menegeal layers of the spinal cord?

pia mater arachnoid mater dura mater

where is the dura mater found?

the outmost layer

what is the dura mater made of?

dense collagen fibres

what is the subarachnoid space?

space of mesh work between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater

what fluid is found within the subarachnoid space? why is this the case?

CSF | used as a shock absorber

what are the two main pertrusions form the spinal cord called? and where are the found?

the anterior root anterior of the spinal cord | the posterior root posterior of the spinal cord

what is the size difference between the posterior gray horn and the anterior gray hormone?

the anterior gray horn is larger

what is found in the posterior grey horn?

somatic and visceral sensory nuclei

what is found on the anterior gray horn?

somatic motor nuclei

where is the epineurium found?

outmost covering

what is the epineurium made of?

dense network of collagen fibres

where is the perinerium found?

middle layer and surround bundles of axons

what are bundles of axons called?

fascles

where can you find the endoneurium found?

inner most layer, surrounding indervidual axons

what is the endonerium made of?

delicate connective tissues

The Nervous System Flashcards

(84 cards)