The Nervous System

Question 1

The Nervous System

Answer 1

Complex system that affects every part of body
Vital in controlling involuntary and voluntary movement!

Question 2

Two Parts of Nervous System

Answer 2

1. CENTRAL Nervous System (CNS)
2. PERIPHERAL Nervous System (PNS)

Question 3

Central Nervous System

Answer 3

Consists of brain and spinal cord

Question 4

Central Nervous System FUNCTION

Answer 4

Central command for all communication & actions of the body

Question 5

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 5

Includes all of the nerves that branch out to rest of body & ganglia

Question 6

Peripheral Nervous System FUNCTION

Answer 6

Allows the signals sent by the brain to reach its target destination in body

Question 7

Nerves (nueron)

Answer 7

Long bundles of neuronal axons that transmit signals from Central Nervous System

Question 8

Function of Neuron (nerve) Part 1

Answer 8

Signals start as electrical pulses generating at the dendrites

Question 9

Function of the Neuron (nerve) Part 2

Answer 9

If strong enough- the impulse travels along axon

Question 10

Function of Neuron (nerve) Part 3

Answer 10

Impulse causes chemical neurotransmitters to be secreted from the axon terminals into the synapse.

Question 11

Function of Neuron (nerve) Part 4

Answer 11

In synapse the neurotransmitters bind to either another Neuron or muscle cell

Question 12

Sensory Neurons

Answer 12

AFFERENT NUERONS
Send messages to the CNS about sensory information
touch, smell, pain

Question 13

Motor Neuron

Answer 13

EFFERENT NEURONS
Send messages to muscle and can be subdivided into the autonomic & somatic Nervous system

Question 14

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 14

Controls INVOLUNTARY actions involving cardiac and smooth muscle
heart rhythm, digestion, breathing

Question 15

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 15

Controls VOLUNTARY actions involving skeletal muscle
walking, throwing, typing

Question 16

Somatic Nervous System Movement Requires

Answer 16

Muscle fibers connected to nerve fibers

For a muscle to move it takes many nerves, muscle fibers & ATP to power contraction

Question 17

Peripheral Nervous System 2 Components

Answer 17

1. Autonomic Nervous System
2. Somatic Nervous System

Question 18

Axon

Answer 18

Nerve fiber that carries a nerve impulse AWAY from Neuron cell body

Question 19

Dendrite

Answer 19

Nerve fiber that carries nerve impulse TOWARD the Neuron cell body

Question 20

Synapse

Answer 20

Allows Neurons to pass signals to other Neurons, muscles & glands

Site where 2 Neurons come together

Question 21

2 Parts of Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 21

1. Sympathetic
2. Parasympathetic

Question 22

Sympathetic System

Answer 22

Increases Heart Rate & Blood Pressure, Slows Down Digestion

Maximizes blood flow to muscles & brain

“Flight or Flight” Response

Question 23

Parasympathetic System

Answer 23

Decreases Heart Rate & Blood Pressure, Speeds up Digestion

“Rest and Digest”

Question 24

Action Potential

Answer 24

Electrical signal sent from Neurons that go down the axon

Question 25

Myelin Sheeth

Answer 25

Fatty protective sheeth that covers axon Help speed up electrical signal nerves send

Question 26

4 Brain Regions (C.D.C.B)

Answer 26

1. Cerebrum (Cerebral Cortex) 2. Diencephalon 3. Cerebellum 4. Brain Stem

Question 27

Cerebrum "Cerebral Cortex"

Answer 27

Divided into Right & Left Right receives afferent fibers and sends efferent fibers to the left side & vice versa

Question 28

4 Cerebral Cortex Lobes (F.P.T.O)

Answer 28

1. Frontal 2. Parietal 3. Temporal 4. Occipital

Question 29

Frontal Lobe (Efc)

Answer 29

Responsible for movement and executive function control *ability to make decisions*

Question 30

Parietal Lobe

Answer 30

Responsible for sensory information *locate where we are physically* *guides movement in 3D space*

Question 31

Temporal Lobe (h.s.m.v)

Answer 31

Responsible for hear, smell, memory, vision, recognition of faces/languages *sends info from short term to long term memory* * surrounds/communicates with hippocampus*

Question 32

Occipital Lobe

Answer 32

Responsible for Vision

Question 33

Diencephalon

Answer 33

Contains the Thalamus and the Hypothalamas

Question 34

Thalamus

Answer 34

Collection of Nuclei Processes sensory info from Body to Cerebral Cortex & vice versa

Question 35

Hypothalamus

Answer 35

Regulates Body Temperature, Sleep/Wake Cycle, Eating/Drinking Regulates release of Endocrine hormones

Question 36

Pituitary Gland

Answer 36

Produces & secretes hormones when receiving signals from Hypothalamas

Question 37

Cerebellum (4 functions)

Answer 37

Base of Skull *Coordinates movement, precision, & balance *Receives body comp input from spinal cord *Receives motor input from brain * Turns Fine Tune Motor Activity to Muscle Memory*

Question 38

3 Parts of Brain Stem

Answer 38

1. Midbrain 2. Pons 3. Medulla *all connect to spinal cord*

Question 39

Midbrain (V.h.m.s.c)

Answer 39

Controls vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake cycle, concieousness

Question 40

Pons

Answer 40

Controls facial expression/sensation & body equilibrium/posture

Question 41

Medulla

Answer 41

Controls Blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, coughing, vomiting & Digestion

Question 42

Spinal Cord

Answer 42

Pathway where afferent & efferent fibers travel to connect the brain to the peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 43

How many Cranial Nerve Pairs

Answer 43

12 CNI-CNXII

Question 44

How many Spinal Nerve Pairs

Answer 44

31 8- Cervical 12- Thoracic 5- Lumbar 5 Sacral 1 Coccygeal