The Nervous System

Question 1

what are the nodes of ranvier?

Answer 1

it is the gaps on the axon and allows exchange of ions for regeneration of AP

Question 2

what are synaptic vesicles?

Answer 2

vesicles containing neurotransmitters

Question 3

what are the 12 pairs of cranial nerves

Answer 3

olfactory, optic, facial, vestibulocochlear, and tri sensory & motor

Question 4

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 4

31

Question 5

what are the four primary segments of a neuron?

Answer 5

Cell soma, axon, dendrites, and axon terminal

Question 6

what is the axon terminal?

Answer 6

it is nerve processes that transmit AP away from the neuron cell body

Question 7

what is the axon?

Answer 7

it is a long slender extension of the neuron and conducts electrical impulses across the neuron

Question 8

what controls the circulation of blood, activity of GIT, and the regulation of body temp?

Answer 8

the autonomic endocrine system

Question 9

what is it called when the NS processes and interprets sensory input and decides whether action is needed?

Answer 9

Integration

Question 10

T/F automatic is voluntary

Answer 10

false, somatic is voluntary, automatic is involuntary

Question 11

What are the functions?

Answer 11

Sensation, Response, and Integration

Question 12

T/F synaptic cleft is the gap between pre and post synapse/effector tissue

Answer 12

True

Question 13

what the does the commander center contain?

Answer 13

brain and spinal cord

Question 14

what is motor output?

Answer 14

a response or effect that activates muscles or glands

Question 15

what are efferent neurons?

Answer 15

motor neurons that carry impluses from CNS to muscle cells

Question 16

what are the two physical divisions?

Answer 16

CNS and the PNS (peripheral system)

Question 17

what are interneurons?

Answer 17

association, relay, or local circuit neurons
found in neutral pathways in the CNS

Question 18

what are the aspects of the axon?

Answer 18

the Axon hillock, myelin sheath, and nodes of ranvier

Question 19

T/F the cell soma has one, large nucleus in the center of the soma

Answer 19

True

Question 20

post-synapses are what?

Answer 20

synapses at the neuron/effector tissue receiving the electrical impulse

Question 21

What are the two sub-divisons of PNS?

Answer 21

somatic and automatic

Question 22

what are the two primary branches of the autonomic system?

Answer 22

the sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 23

what does the axon terminal signal to?

Answer 23

adjacent neurons and target tissue

Question 24

T/F The CNS is commander center

Answer 24

True

Question 25

where are the PNS spinal nerves attached?

Answer 25

the column

Question 26

what are the two primary fuctions of somatic?

Answer 26

sensory input and movement control

Question 27

pre-synapses are what?

Answer 27

synapses at the neuron transmitting electrical impulse

Question 28

what is the autonomic system comprised of?

Answer 28

the central control and feedback from sensory receptors, peripheral effectors, and reflex conduction pathways

Question 29

where is the centralization of AP?

Answer 29

the axon hillock

Question 30

what is the myelin sheath created by?

Answer 30

schwann cell

Question 31

what is the axon hillock?

Answer 31

the conical mound of cytoplasm that gives rise to an axon

Question 32

What does sensory input do?

Answer 32

Gathers information occurring inside and outside of the body

Question 33

What is the communication network?

Answer 33

it is the network between the CNS and the body (muscles, organs, and glands)

Question 34

what are the parts of the spinal nerves?

Answer 34

cervical (8 pairs), thoracic (12 pairs), lumbar (5 pairs), sacral (5 pairs), coccygeal (1 pair)

Question 35

T/F the cell soma contains barely any of the organelles of a typical cell

Answer 35

False, it contains most of the organelles

Question 36

T/F axon terminal terminates at the dendrites

Answer 36

False, it terminates at the synapsis, aka the terminal blub

Question 37

What are afferent neurons?

Answer 37

sensory neurons transmit impulses from external/internal to the CNS

Question 38

T/F the autonomic system is coupled with the endocrine system, which controls the body's internal organs

Answer 38

True

Question 39

does the sympathetic branch inhibit or stimulate effector organs?

Answer 39

it stimulates, the parasympathetic inhibits

Question 40

What kind of network is the nervous system?

Answer 40

communication and coordination

Question 41

T/F Dendrites are nerve processes that transmit AP toward neuron cell body, which receive chemical signal from adjacent neurons

Answer 41

True

Question 42

what is the myelin sheath?

Answer 42

it is a sheath of fatty acids (plasma membrane) and serves as an electrical insulator

Question 43

What is the PNS?

Answer 43

Nerves that branch out from the brain and the spinal cord

Question 44

the PNS cranial nerves is attached to what?

Answer 44

the undersurface of the brain