The Nervous System

Question 1

What are the two primary systems that coordinate the body’s activities?

Answer 1

Nervous system and endocrine system

Question 2

What is the main function of the nervous system?

Answer 2

processing all the information coming from our senses to keep our organs and reflexes functioning

Question 3

What are the three main functions of the nervous system?

Answer 3

• Sensory Function
• Integrative Function
• Motor Function

Question 4

What does the sensory function of the nervous system do?

Answer 4

Detects change in the external and internal environment of the organism

Question 5

How does the integrative function of the CNS work?

Answer 5

processes incoming information and ‘decides’ which effectors react and how

Question 6

What is the role of the motor function in the nervous system?

Answer 6

receives information from the CNS and carries out the appropriate response to stimuli

Question 7

How does the endocrine system regulate body functions?

Answer 7

It has a slower reaction that is brought about by chemicals called hormones that are carried in the bloodstream

Question 8

What type of stimuli originate from outside the body?

The name

Answer 8

External stimuli

Question 9

What type of stimuli originate from inside the body?

The name

Answer 9

Internal stimuli

Question 10

What is the Central Nervous System (CNS) comprised of?

The two structures

Answer 10

Brain and spinal cord

Question 11

What structures protect the CNS?

Answer 11

• Bone structures (skull and vertebrae)
• Meninges
• Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Question 12

What are the three layers of the meninges?

Answer 12

• Dura mater
• Arachnoid mater
• Pia mater

Question 13

What is the primary function of the brain?

Answer 13

Controls thoughts, memory, emotion, and various bodily processes

Question 14

Structure of the Cerebrum?

Answer 14

largest part of the brain and is divided into two cerebral hemispheres by a longitudinal fissure.

Question 15

What functions does the cerebellum serve?

Answer 15

Coordination of movement, balance, and fine motor control

Question 16

What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

Answer 16

Controls heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, and digestion

Question 17

What is the role of the hypothalamus?

Answer 17

Regulates homeostasis, hunger, thirst, and the endocrine system

Question 18

What is the spinal cord’s primary function?

Answer 18

transmits signals between the receptors, the brain, and the effectors, and facilitates spinal reffllexes that protect the body

Question 19

What does the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) include?

Answer 19

All nerves outside the CNS.

Question 20

What are the two types of nerves in the PNS?

Names and Numbers

Answer 20

*12 Cranial Nerves
*31 Spinal Nerves

Question 21

What is the main function of the motor division of the PNS?

Answer 21

Controls voluntary and involuntary movement of muscles in response to stimuli

Question 22

What does the Somatic Nervous System (SNS) control?

Answer 22

conducts impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles, controlling the voluntary muscle movement

Question 23

What is the function of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?

Answer 23

Conducts impulses from the CNA to cardiac muslces, smooth muscles, and glands so it controls involuntary muscle movement.

Question 24

What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 24

Uses adrenalin to prepare the body for ‘fight or flight’ in stressful situations by bringing more ocygen, glucose, and blood to the brain.

Question 25

What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 25

Promotes the recovery from sympathetic stimulation through 'rest and digest' activities

Question 26

What are the two main types of cells in nervous tissue?

Answer 26

* Neurons * Neuroglia (Glial Cells)

Question 27

What is the structure of a neuron? | What is it made up of?

Answer 27

* Cell Body (Soma) * Dendrites * Axon * Myelin Sheath

Question 28

What do sensory neurons do?

Answer 28

Transmit signals from receptors to CNS

Question 29

What is a nerve?

Answer 29

A bundle of axons in the PNS

Question 30

What are the three layers that surround a nerve?

Answer 30

* Endoneurium * Perineurium * Epineurium

Question 31

What is a synapse?

Answer 31

The junction between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector

Question 32

What happens at a synapse?

Answer 32

Converts electrical impulse to chemical signal

Question 33

What is a reflex action?

Answer 33

An involuntary, quick response to a stimulus

Question 34

What are the components of a reflex arc?

Answer 34

* Receptor * Sensory Neuron * Interneuron * Motor Neuron * Effector

Question 35

What is an example of a somatic reflex?

Answer 35

Knee-Jerk Reflex

Question 36

What is the significance of the reflex arc?

Answer 36

Provides rapid protection and maintains posture and balance

Question 37

Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for processing sensory input.

Answer 37

CNS

Question 38

Examples of External Stimuli

Answer 38

light, sound, temperature, atmospheric pressure

Question 39

What are stimuli? | Definition

Answer 39

Physical or chemical changes in the environment (both internal and external) that is capable of creating a reaction within the body

Question 40

What is the Autonomic Nervous System made of? | The systems?

Answer 40

Sympathetic Nervous System and Parasympathetc Nervous System

Question 41

What 2 systems make up the motor division?

Answer 41

Somatic Nervous System and Autonomic nervous system.

Question 42

What is the structure of the Central Nervous System? | What is is made up of?

Answer 42

interconnected neurons grouped together to form the brain and spinal cord.

Question 43

What is the function of the co-ordinating systems? | What do they do?

Answer 43

Allow communication between receptors and effectors to the brain so that correct reactions to any change in the environment can be brought about.

Question 44

Nervous Co-ordinating System?

Answer 44

Has a fast reaction and is brought about by impulses travelling along nerves.

Question 45

Examples of Internal Stimuli?

Answer 45

blood pressure, blood pH, muscle tension

Question 46

Sensory/Unipolar Neurons?

Answer 46

One fibre to body, and carries impulses towards the CNS.

Question 47

Connector neurons?

Answer 47

Multiple fibres and receive impulses from sensory neurons and relay to other neurons.

Question 48

Motor/multipolar neurons?

Answer 48

Multiple fibres and carry impulses away from CNS

Question 49

Fibres in a typical neuron are? | Names and functions.

Answer 49

* Dendrites: conduct impulses toward cell body, short and tapered * Axons: conduct impulses away from cell body, one axon per cell.