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A&P Exam Two > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

What are the two divisions of the nervous system?

A

Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System

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2
Q

What are the two main parts of the central nervous system?

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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3
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system contain?

A

Peripheral Nerves

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4
Q

To prevent heat loss in cold conditions, the hypothalamus will initiate:

A

Peripheral vasoconstriction

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5
Q

The function of the myelin sheath is to:

A

Provide electrical insulation to help increase the rate of impulse conduction

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6
Q

The brain stem consists of the:

A

midbrain, medulla, and pons

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7
Q

Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called:

A

gyri

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8
Q

The point at which an impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell is the:

A

Synapse

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9
Q

The substance released at axonal endings to allow a nervous impulse is called a

A

neurotransmitter

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10
Q

Preparing the body for the “fight-or-flight” response is the role of the:

A

sympathetic nervous system.

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11
Q

Control of temperature and thirst are functions associated with the:

A

hypothalamus

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12
Q

Erection of the penis or clitoris is primarly under what control

A

parasympathetic

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13
Q

What is the name of a nerve cell

A

Neurone

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14
Q

What 2 parts is the peripheral nervous system divided into?

A

Sensory (Afferent) System and Motor (Efferent) System

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15
Q

What does the Afferent (Sensory) System do?

A

Conveys information from receptors to the central nervous system

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16
Q

What does the Efferent (Motor) System do?

A

Conveys information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands

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17
Q

What 2 parts is the Efferent (Motor) System split into?

A

Somatic System and Autonomic System

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18
Q

What does the Somatic Nervous System do?

A

Conveys information from the central nervous system to the skeletal muscles (so things you control voluntarily)

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19
Q

What does the Autonomic Nervous System do?

A

Conveys information from the central nervous system to the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands (so things you can’t control voluntarily, remember ‘auto’)

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20
Q

What is the Autonomic Nervous System split into?

A

Sympathetic Nervous System and Parasympathetic Nervous System

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21
Q

What does the Sympathetic Nervous System usually do?

A

Prepares the body for stressful situations, reaction include: increased heart rate, dilates airways, release energy stored, pupils dilate, secretion of adrenaline

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22
Q

What does the Parasympathetic Nervous System usually do?

A

Controls body processes during ordinary situations, reaction include, decreased heart rate, stores energy, pupils constrict, it stimulates the digestive tract to process food and eliminate waste

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23
Q

The grey matter of the nervous system is formed by:

A

neurone cell bodies

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24
Q

Groups of neurone cell bodies in the central nervous system are called

A

nuclei

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25
The white matter of the nervous system is formed by:
myelinated axons
26
Nerve fibres that carry impulses from the CNS are described as:
efferent
27
The neurone receiving incoming impulses at the
dendrites
28
The sensory or afferent nerve fibers carry information
to the CNS
29
What is the cell body of a neuron?
Soma
30
Groups of cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system are called
ganglia
31
How many pairs of cranial nerves
12
32
How many pairs of spinal nerves
31
33
Cranial nerves and spinal nerves together are called:
peripheral nerves
34
3 classifications of neurones
bi-polar, uni-polar, multi-polar
35
What forms the supporting structure for the neurones
neuroglial cells
36
What are the four types of neuroglial cells?
astrocytes, oligodendrocyte, microglial cell, ependyma
37
What does the oligodendrocyte produce?
Myelin
38
Where are oligodendrocytes found?
Central nervous system
39
What does an astrocyte do following a CNS injury?
Form scar like tissue
40
What shape are astrocytes?
Star like (astro - star remember)
41
Which type of neuroglia cell helps in the metabolism of glucose?
astrocyte
42
What neuroglia cell 'cleans' the nervous system?
microglial
43
If there is an increase in microglial cells, this can be a sign of...
infection
44
Where are the ependyma cells found?
Central canal and ventricles of CNS
45
Cells that support, insulate, and protect neurons. These cells are able to divide and are usually involved in brain tumors.
Neuroglia
46
Cells that transmit electrical message from one area of the body to another area.
Neurons
47
End of neuron that releases neurotransmitters away from the cell body.
Axon
48
End of neuron that conducts electrical currents toward the cell body.
Dendrite
49
White, fatty material that covers long nerve fibers, protecting and insulating the fibers, as well as Increasing the speed of impulse transmission.
Myelin
50
Location of the nucleus in a neuron.
Cell body
51
Bundle of nerve processes inside the CNS.
Tract
52
Gaps in the myelin sheath between schwann cells.
Nodes of Ranvier
53
Collection of nerve cell bodies found outside the CNS.
Ganglia
54
Neuron that conducts impulses away from the CNS to muscles and glands.
Efferent neuron
55
Changes, occurring within or outside the body, that affect nervous system functioning.
Stimuli
56
Neuron that conducts impulses toward the CNS from the body periphery.
Afferent neuron
57
Chemicals released by neurons that stimulate other neurons, muscles, or glands.
Neurotransmitters
58
State in which the polarity of the neuron is reversed as sodium ions rush into the neuron.
Depolarization
59
Electrical condition of the plasma membrane of a resting neuron when it is inactive. Has fewer positive ions sitting on its inner face than on its outer face
Polarized
60
Period during which potassium ions diffuse out of the neuron resulting in a return of the polarization to its resting state. .
Repolarization
61
The chief positive ion found inside a neuron during its resting state.
Potassium ions
62
Process by which ATP is used to move sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions back into the cell; completely restores the resting conditions of the neuron.
Sodium potassium pump
63
Site of regulation of water balance, body temperature, and metabolism.
Hypothalamus
64
Responsible for the regulation of posture and coordination of skeletal muscle movements.
Cerebellum
65
Important relay station for afferent fibers traveling to the sensory cortex for interpretation giving us a crude idea if the sensation we are about to feel will be pleasant or unpleasant.
Thalamus
66
Found in the brain stem, contains autonomic centers which regulate blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, swallowing, and vomiting,
Medulla oblongata
67
Occurs when the brain injury is slight. Although patient may be dizzy or briefly lose consciousness, the damage is not permanent.
Concussion
68
Result of marked tissue destruction. If the cerebral cortex is damaged, the person may remain conscious but if the brain stem is damaged, may go into a permanent coma.
Contusion
69
Total nonresponsiveness to stimulation.
coma
70
After head injury, if bleeding occurs from ruptured vessels the brain may swell and left untreated, can result in death.
Cerebral edema

A&P Exam Two (3 decks)

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