The Nervous System

Question 1

In the CNS clusters of cell bodies are called…

Answer 1

Nuclei

Question 2

In the PNS clusters of cell bodies are called…

Answer 2

Ganglia

Question 3

Which part of the nervous system is encased in bone?

Answer 3

CNS

Question 4

Which part of the nervous system is not encased in bone?

Answer 4

PNS

Question 5

Name the structures of the brain from the forebrain to the spinal chord:

Answer 5

Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon

Question 6

Where is the CNS located?

Answer 6

Within the skull and spine

Question 7

Where is the PNS located?

Answer 7

Outside the skull and spine

Question 8

Name the two divisions of the CNS:

Answer 8

Brain

Spinal cord

Question 9

Name the two divisions of the PNS:

Answer 9

Somatic nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

Question 10

Name the two divisions of the Somatic NS:

Answer 10

Afferent nerves

Efferent nerves

Question 11

Name the two divisions of the Autonomic NS:

Answer 11

Afferent nerves

Efferent nerves

Question 12

Name the two divisions of the Efferent NS:

Answer 12

Sympathetic NS

Parasympathetic NS

Question 13

What does the Autonomic NS do?

Answer 13

Regulates the body’s internal environment

Question 14

Nerves that carry signals away from a structure are..

Answer 14

Efferent nerves

Question 15

What does the Somatic NS do?

Answer 15

Interacts with the external environment

Question 16

Name the four regions of the spine and spinal cord, from head to bottom:

Answer 16

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral

Question 17

What does the Sympathetic NS do?

Answer 17

• Increases heart rate
• stimulates adrenaline
• decreases salivation

Question 18

Name the planes of the brain:

Answer 18

Horizontal
Sagittal
Midsagittal
Coronal
Cross-sections

Question 19

Name the directions of the human nervous system

Answer 19

Anterior - Posterior
Dorsal - Ventral
Superior - Inferior
Medial - Lateral

Question 20

Fissures and sulci are:

Answer 20

valleys

Question 21

Gyri are:

Answer 21

peaks

Question 22

Name the three types of Glial cells:

Answer 22

Schwann cells (PNS)
Oligodendrocytes (CNS)
Astrocytes (PNS)

Question 23

Three physical protections of the brain:

Answer 23

• Skull
• Meneges
• Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 24

What is the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 24

Tightly packed cells along the blood vessel walls of the CNS; prevents entry of molecules

Question 25

Name the parts of the Limbic system:

Answer 25

``` Amygdala Hippocampus Fornix Cingulate cortex Septum Mammillary bodies ```

Question 26

Name the parts of the Basal ganglia:

Answer 26

Amygdala Striatum (Caudate, Putamen) Globus Pallidus

Question 27

Sections of the Telencephalon:

Answer 27

``` Cerebral cortex Major fissures Major gyri Four lobes Limbic system Basal ganglia Cerebral commissures ```

Question 28

Sections of the Diencephalon:

Answer 28

Thalamus Hypothalamus Optic chiasm Pituitary gland

Question 29

Sections of the Mesencephalon

Answer 29

Tectum | Tegmentum

Question 30

Sections of the Metencephalon:

Answer 30

Reticular formation Pons Cerebellum

Question 31

Sections of the Myelencephalon

Answer 31

Reticular formation

Question 32

Three functions of neurons:

Answer 32

Reception Conduction Transmission

Question 33

Phenotype refers to...

Answer 33

The visible expression of the information contained in a person's genetic code (known as genotype).

Question 34

What are the four nucleotide bases of DNA?

Answer 34

adenine cytosine guanine thymine

Question 35

Define heritability

Answer 35

statistic; variability of differences in code; at population level, not individual; fraction of genetic variation over total variation