The Nervous System Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
Major parts of the nervous system
A
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
2
Q
Consists of the brain and spinal cord
A
Central nervous system
3
Q
Includes motor, sensory, and automatic nerve fibers and ganglia
A
Peripheral nervous system
4
Q
Neuron messages
A
Dendrite
Cell body
Along the axon
Axon terminal
5
Q
Space between the skull and dura
A
Epidural
6
Q
Space between the dura and arachnoid
A
Subdural
7
Q
Space between arachnoid and pia, filled with CSF
A
Subarachnoid
8
Q
Cerebrospinal fluid functions
A
Shock absorption Transport Waste disposal Communication Blood perfusion
9
Q
3 parts of the brain
A
Cerebrum or cerebral cortex
Brain stem
Cerebellum
10
Q
3 types of axons carried by the peripheral nervous system
A
Motor
Sensory
Autonomic
11
Q
Post polio sequelea
A
Residual motor weakness
Advanced djd
Respiratory insufficient in aging individual
Sleep D/Os
12
Q
Painful for a response to a non-painful stimulus such as a simple touch or pressure from clothing
A
Allodynia
13
Q
A loss of the ability to understand or express thoughts, spoken, written, or signed, due to brain damage
A
Aphasia
14
Q
Loss of the ability to execute or carry out learned the movements, despite having the desire and physical ability to perform them
A
Apraxia
15
Q
Uncoordinated Movement secondary to loss of voluntary muscle control
A
Ataxia
16
Q
Involuntary movements, continuous, slow writhing
A
Athethosis
17
Q
Decrease size or wasting away of body part or tissue
A
Atrophy
18
Q
Abnormal slowness of movement, sluggish response
A
Bradykinesia
19
Q
Continuous, non-rhythmical a repetitive, moves from one muscle to another
A
Chorieform mov’ts
20
Q
Skilled physical movements, grasping small objects, fine manipulation
A
Dexterous
21
Q
Paralysis of corresponding parts on both sides of the body, upper extremities or lower extremities
A
Diplegia
22
Q
Disorganize speech articulation, can be a bulbar sign
A
Dysarthria
23
Q
Disordered swallowing; maybe painful; can be a bull bar sign
A
Dysphagia
24
Q
Distortion of any sense, especially touch, and unpleasant abnormal sensation, produced by normal stimuli
A
Dude’s thesis
25
Pattern of ambulation; manner or style of walking
Gait
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Large motor movements, as opposed to fine
Gross motor function
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Weakness of one side of the body
Hemiparesis
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Paralysis of one side of the body
Hemiplegia
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Complete or partial muscle paralysis
Palsy
30
Weakness or total loss of motor function; loss of ability to move
Paralysis
31
Paralysis of both lower extremities
Paraplegia
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weakness or incomplete paralysis
Paresis
33
Ab normal sensation such as burning, prickling, or pain
Paresthesia
34
Paralysis of all four extremities
Quadriplegia
35
Body position when standing
Station
36
Involuntary shaking movements
Tremor
37
Crossing of legs while advancing with Slow small steps
Scissors gate
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Unsteady, irregular with short steps and lurching from side to side
Cerebellar gait
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Short, jerky steps
Festinating
40
Stiff with head and neck bent
Propulsive
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Advancing foot lifted high to clear toes
Steppage
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Stamps feet on ground, scene in peripheral neuropathy with loss of sensation
Stamping gate
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Stiff without flexing knee or ankle, each step leg rotated away from body then towards it forming a semi circle
Spastic or hemiplegic
44
Rolling gate, weight-bearing hip not stabilized
Waddling gait
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Rolling/dropping of pelvis on the unaffected side at the heel strike of affective leg, ends at heel strike of the unaffected leg, seem in thigh muscle weakness
Trendelenburg
46
X-ray visualization of the blood vessels using an injection of a radiopaque material into the arterial blood vessels
Angiography
47
Viral disease of the central nervous system which may result in paralysis of the muscles of the trunk and extremities, breathing or swallowing impairment
Anterior poliomyelitis
48
Sensation which proceeds and marks the onset of an epileptic seizure
Aura
49
The portion of the nervous system which regulates the body’s internal environment. Innervates organs, blood vessels, glands. Includes autonomic ganglia I, spinal tracks, autonomic brain nuclei and the autonomic nerve fibers carried by peripheral nerves
Autonomic nervous system
50
The part of the neuron that carries messages away from the cell body
Axon
51
A sub cortical structure that lies at the top of the spinal cord. The site of entry into the brain for 10 of the 12 cranial nerves, nerves that sent signals to and from parts of the head and neck.
Brainstem
52
Symptoms and signs of a disorder of the brain stem cells or the connections that controls swallowing, speaking and breathing
Bulbar symptoms and signs
53
And ultrasound procedure used to evaluate the blood flow through the carotid artery’s. Screening test used to identify plaques, cyanosis, or occlusion in the common, internal, or external carotid artery’s
Carotid Doppler duplex
54
Sudden involuntary loss of muscle tone usually associated with sudden emotional response
Cataplexy
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Physical signs of motor and coordination related to dysfunction of cerebellum
Cerebellar signs
56
Part of the brain responsible for coordination of motor activity
Cerebellum
57
Static motor deficit having on set before birth or early in life
Cerebral palsy
58
The largest on a normal part of the central nervous system is composed of two Cerebral hemispheres containing areas of specialized neurons that control specific body functions like Movement language memory etc.
Cerebrum
59
A series of rapid rhythmical musical contractions often associated with other signs indicative of muscle spasticity
Clonus
60
Complete unconsciousness characterized by lack of response to visual, spoken, or tactile stimuli
Coma
61
X-ray technician compliant computerized processing of images to produce an image of an internal body part. A computer analyzes the data to construct a cross-sectional image of internal organs also called computer tomography
Computerized axial tomography
62
Uncontrolled tonic clonic motor activity
Convulsion
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A generalize motor seizure characterized by loss of consciousness and tonic/clonic convulsive movements of most or all of the body. Frequently preceded by an aura and associated with tongue biting, bowel and bladder incontinence
Convulsive seizure
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Double vision
Diplopia
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Disturbance of rhythm
Dysrhythmia
66
The use of ultrasound to examine and measure internal structures of the skull and to diagnose abnormalities and disease
Echoencephalography
67
A tracing of the rhythm and pattern of electrical activities of brain neurons. Useful in a diagnosis of epilepsy
Electroencephalography
68
A physiological test that measures and records the electrical properties of skeletal muscles. The test is used to diagnose primary muscle disease and identify muscle changes occurring secondary to motor neuron or peripheral nerve damage
Electromyography
69
I disorder manifested by recurrent unprovoked clinical seizures precipitated by abnormal electrical discharging of brain neurons
Epilepsy
70
Characterized by recurrent events separated by periods of normal function
Episodic
71
A physiological test which records the brains electrical response to a sensory stimulation
Evoked response test
72
Recurrence of the symptoms and signs of a disorder
Exacerbation
73
A mass of neurons located outside of the central nervous system
Ganglion
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Generalized tonic clonic motor seizure With associated unconsciousness
Grand mal seizure
75
A local collection of blood that has leaked from a blood vessel
Hematoma
76
Involuntary shaking on attempting voluntary movement
Intention tremor
77
Spontaneous, non-volatile movement
Involuntary movement
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An abnormality in tissue structures or loss of function resulting from injury or disease
Lesion
79
A noninvasive imaging method that uses magnetic energy to visualize body parts. Also referred to as an NMR
Magnetic resonance imaging
80
Weakness or paralysis of a single extremity
Monoplegia
81
An acquired language impairment that results in the inability to express oneself through speech
Motor aphasia
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Motor weakness or paralysis
Motor deficit
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The capacity to use muscles to voluntarily or involuntarily perform motor acts
Motor function
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Disease characterized either by intermittent and unpredictable patterns of neurological deficit or varying intensity or via pattern of chronic and progressive neurological impairment resulting from focal areas of information and demylination within the central nervous system
Multiple sclerosis
85
Neural imaging of the spinal cord that uses x-rays to examine the spinal cord after injection of a radio pink dye into the sub dural space
Myelography
86
Anatomical or functional loss of the spinal cord
Myelopathy
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Chronic neurological disorder characterized by involuntary and recurrent periods of sleep often associated with cataplexy
Narcolepsy
88
Measurement of amplitude and velocity of electrical impulses as they travel along peripheral nerves
Nerve conduction velocity
89
A set of symptoms and signs that indicate a brain disorder
Neurocognitive disorder
90
Nerve or brain cell. Receive integrate and send electrical impulses
Neuron
91
Involuntary cognitive, sensory or autonomic activity caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. No tonic/clonic motor activity associated with the event which may or may not be associated with altered mental status
Nonconvulsive seizure
92
Abnormal sensation as burning prickling pain etc.
Paresthesia
93
Slowly progressive central nervous system disorder with diffuse effects such as muscular rigidity, involuntary tremors, slowed voluntary motions, stooped posture, and shuffling gait. Occurs in middle age and elderly individuals
Parkinson’s syndrome
94
Due to disease
Pathologic
95
That branch of medicine which deals with the origin, nature, and course of diseases; also, the conditions and processes of a disease
Pathology
96
Disorder of the peripheral nerve that may affect motor, sensory, and or autonomic functioning
Peripheral neuropathy
97
An imaging technique which uses small amounts of radioactive pharmaceutical injected or inhaled into the body to produce an image showing the distribution of the pharmaceutical in the body
Position emission tomography
98
Pathological abnormalities of sensations or perception of movement associated with damage to the posterior sensory nerve tracks of the spinal cord and of the posterior nerve roots these include sensory phenomena such as paresthesia numbness and tingling. Ataxia may develop due to loss of fiber and posterior column and roots symptoms usually involve lower extremities but may involve the arms and hands if the lesion is high on the spinal column
Posterior column signs
99
The residuals following a seizure; have a sleep, drowsiness, vomiting, muscular soreness, confusion, depression of spirits
Postictal manifestations
100
Impairment of the perception of impulses arising in the sensory nerve terminals. These terminals give information concerning the movement and position of the body to the brain and occur chiefly in the muscles, tendons, and in the labyrinth. Those from the body travel up the posterior column
Proprioceptive disturbance
101
And artificial body part, such as an arm, leg, I, or tooth, he used for functional or cosmetic reasons, or both
Prosthesis
102
Type of seizure disorder characterized by all atomic movements repeated over and over again or staring spells, dizziness, or sudden changes in the temperament expressed by fear or rage
Psycho motor seizures
103
Ending of an affair and sensory nerve which receives impulses
Receptor
104
And involuntary muscle or gland Euler response resulting from the stimulation of a receptor; knee-jerk on tapping patellar tendon; subscription of saliva on or factory, visual, or gustatory stimulus of food
Reflex
105
Diminution or abatement of the symptoms of the disease; also the period during which such diminution is present
Remission
106
Stiffness or in flexibility, chiefly that which is abnormal or pathological
Rigidity
107
Manifestation of sudden abnormal electrical activity in the brain
Seizure
108
Inability to understand written, spoken, or tactile speech symbols due to a lesion in part of the brain responsible for language
Sensory aphasia
109
Any physical or mental deficit following or caused by attack of disease
Sequelae
110
EEG tracing Recorded while the patient is asleep
Sleep record
111
A form of increased muscle tone, stiffness, as seen in cerebral palsy or following strokes
Spastic
112
A nuclear medicine procedure in which the gamma camera rotates around the patient and takes pictures from any angle which a computer then uses to form a tomographic image. The calculation process is similar to that and x-ray computer tomography and in positron a mission computed tomography
Spect (single photon and vision computed tomography)
113
A procedure in which a needle is inserted between the vertebrae in the lower back and the space containing spinal fluid term move a small sample for testing
Spinal tap
114
The cutting of a portion of the sympathetic nerve pathways
Sympathectomy
115
The space for a nerve impulses transmitted from an axon ending to the dendrites have another neuron or to a muscle
Synapse
116
A temporary service of blood supply to an area of the brain, resulting in a sudden, brief decrease of brain function. About 1/3 of people diagnosed with TIA or later have a stroke
Transient ischemic attacks, TIA
