The Nervous System Overview

Question 1

What are the 3 functions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

detect changes in internal & external environment, evaluate info, communicate to make changes in muscles or glands

Question 2

What are the 3 ways to organize the nervous system?

Answer 2

by structure, by direction, by type of tissue they have effect upon

Question 3

What are the 2 structures of the nervous system?

Answer 3

CNS and PNS

Question 4

What are the two directions of the nervous system?

Answer 4

Afferent Division and Efferent Division

Question 5

What are the two types of tissues they have effect upon?

Answer 5

somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

Question 6

What are the 2 structures of the CNS?

Answer 6

brain and spinal cord

Question 7

What is the function of the CNS? (3)

Answer 7

integrates information, evaluates incoming information, initiates response

Question 8

What is the function of the PNS?

Answer 8

bring info to and from the CNS

Question 9

What does the PNS consist of? (2)

Answer 9

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Question 10

What is the afferent division?

Answer 10

incoming, travels toward the brain

Question 11

What does the afferent division carry?

Answer 11

sensory information

Question 12

What is the afferent division called?

Answer 12

sensory pathways

Question 13

What is the efferent division?

Answer 13

outgoing, travels away from the brain

Question 14

What does the efferent division carry?

Answer 14

response information to organs and muscles

Question 15

What does the somatic system do?

Answer 15

carries info from CNS to skeletal muscle

Question 16

What else does the somatic system carry?

Answer 16

sensory feedback

Question 17

What does the autonomic system do?

Answer 17

carries info from CNS to organs

Question 18

What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic system?

Answer 18

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 19

Sympathetic

Answer 19

fight/flight

Question 20

Parasympathetic

Answer 20

rest/repair

Question 21

What are the two types of nervous system cells?

Answer 21

neurons and glia

Question 22

What do neurons do? (2)

Answer 22

excitable and carry impulses that execute functions

Question 23

T/F

Neurons only exist in the CNS.

Answer 23

flase

Question 24

What are the two types of glia cells?

Answer 24

neuroglia and glial cells

Question 25

What do the glia cells do?

Answer 25

support functions of neurons

Question 26

What are the 4 supporting functions of neurons from glia cells?

Answer 26

nutrition, form the blood brain barrier, perform phagocytosis, provide physical support to neurons

Question 27

Glia cells exist mainly in what nervous system?

Answer 27

CNS and PNS

Question 28

What are the 5 functions of Neuroglia cells?

Answer 28

astrocytes, microglia, ependymal, oligodendrocytes, schwann

Question 29

Where are astrocytes found?

Answer 29

CNS only

Question 30

What are the 3 functions of astrocyte cells?

Answer 30

help early development, recycle neurotransmitters, form the blood brain barrier

Question 31

Where is the microglia cell found?

Answer 31

CNS only

Question 32

What does the microglia cell do? (2)

Answer 32

serve phagocytic function. prune unneeded neuron processes to increase effeciency

Question 33

Where is the ependymal cell found?

Answer 33

CNS only, lines cavities in brain and spinal cord

Question 34

What does the ependymal cell produce?

Answer 34

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 35

What circulates the CSF?

Answer 35

cilia

Question 36

Where are oligodendrocytes found?

Answer 36

CNS only

Question 37

What is the function of the oligodendrocytes cells? (2)

Answer 37

provide physical support, produce myelin in the CNS

Question 38

Where is the schwann cells located?

Answer 38

PNS only

Question 39

What is the function of schwann cells? (2)

Answer 39

provide physical support, produce myelin in PNS

Question 40

What is myelin?

Answer 40

fatty substance surrounding axon of neuron

Question 41

What does myelin facilitate?

Answer 41

neural impulse transmission

Question 42

What is destruction?

Answer 42

interruption in transmission

Question 43

What are the 3 structural classifications of neurons?

Answer 43

multipolar, bipolar, unipolar

Question 44

Where are multipolar neurons most common? (2)

Answer 44

brain and spinal cord

Question 45

Where are bipolar neurons found in?

Answer 45

sensory systems

Question 46

What are unipolar neurons?

Answer 46

sensory neurons

Question 47

What are nerve impulses?

Answer 47

electrical fluctuations that moves along the axon

Question 48

What are the 2 characteristics of neurons?

Answer 48

excitability and conductivity

Question 49

What are membrane potentials?

Answer 49

all cells have a difference in concentration of ions across their membranes

Question 50

Outside of neuron should have a _____ charge?

Answer 50

positive

Question 51

Inside of neuron should have a ______charge?

Answer 51

negative

Question 52

What is the difference in charges of neurons?

Answer 52

membrane potential

Question 53

Membrane potentials are also called?

Answer 53

resting membrane potential (RMP)

Question 54

How is RMP maintained?

Answer 54

moving positive sodium and potassium ions across the membrane

Question 55

What is action potential?

Answer 55

an electrical impulse that travels along the surface cell membrane

Question 56

What else is the action potential called?

Answer 56

nerve impule

Question 57

When does action potential occur?

Answer 57

when threshold potential is reached and gated channels open