The Neuron and Neurotransmission Flashcards
(24 cards)
What did Volta create
He created the first battery
What did Galvani discover when playing with frogs
Static electricity
He discovered that electrical energy was carried by ions
How do batteries work
Chemical reaction: there is a build up of ions @ anode this causes a potential and they repel and travel down conductor if other terminal has lower ion density
How was the battery used on the frog?
It was used to demonstrate that electricity formed part of the biological machinery underpinning movement
What did Golgi discover
He discovered a method to strain brain cells
How does the method to strain brain cells work
They have a black reaction: fixing silver chromate particles to the neuron membrane which leaves a stark black deposit
This showed clear neuron against yellow background
What did Golgi discovery lead to the acceptance of
Neuron theory
- different straining techniques = different neuron types
What is the resting potential inside a neuron
-70 milivolts
Is it more positive inside or outside the cell?
Outside
Pis there higher concentration of sodium inside or outside the cell
Outside
How is the sodium transported from inside to outside the cell
Pumped out by sodium pumps
Is there more potassium inside or outside the cell
Inside for re polarisation
What is the synaptic cleft
The space between terminal buttons and dendrites of target cell
What is it know as when an action potential continues into next cell
Neurotransmission or synaptic communication
What is the basis for learning
Changes in neurotransmission at the synaptic cleft
What are the three forms of synaptic connections
Axodendritic
Axosomatic
Axoaxonic
What is the process of synaptic communication
Action potential reaches axon terminal> stimulates release of neurotransmitter molecules from sacs called vesicles> molecules across synaptic gap and bind to receptor sites on receiving neuron> allows electrically charged atoms to enter receiving neuron> new action potential is excited or inhibited
What are the two basic types of neurotransmitters
Excitatory post - synaptic potential
Inhibitory post - synaptic potential
What causes an excitatory post synaptic potential
Bind to receptors opening ligand-gated Na+ channels causing EPSP in post synaptic neuron generating an action potential
What causes and inhibitory post- synaptic potential
Bind to receptors opening ligand- gated K+ channels producing IPSP in post synaptic neuron - no action potential is generated
What type of neurotransmitter is glutamate
Excitory
What type of neurotransmitter is GABA
Inhibitory
What is a positron emission tomography
It binds with radioactive atoms to a molecule that has same shape as naurtransmitter and injected into a person
Radioactive atoms are then detected by scanner
When does neuromodulation occur
When neurotransmission molecules are not pumped back into presynaptic cell by re uptake > this then leaks into extra synaptic space to modulate activation level of neighbouring cells
