The Neuron and Neurotransmission

Question 0

What did Volta create

Answer 0

He created the first battery

Question 1

What did Galvani discover when playing with frogs

Answer 1

Static electricity

He discovered that electrical energy was carried by ions

Question 2

How do batteries work

Answer 2

Chemical reaction: there is a build up of ions @ anode this causes a potential and they repel and travel down conductor if other terminal has lower ion density

Question 3

How was the battery used on the frog?

Answer 3

It was used to demonstrate that electricity formed part of the biological machinery underpinning movement

Question 4

What did Golgi discover

Answer 4

He discovered a method to strain brain cells

Question 5

How does the method to strain brain cells work

Answer 5

They have a black reaction: fixing silver chromate particles to the neuron membrane which leaves a stark black deposit

This showed clear neuron against yellow background

Question 6

What did Golgi discovery lead to the acceptance of

Answer 6

Neuron theory

• different straining techniques = different neuron types

Question 7

What is the resting potential inside a neuron

Answer 7

-70 milivolts

Question 8

Is it more positive inside or outside the cell?

Answer 8

Outside

Question 9

Pis there higher concentration of sodium inside or outside the cell

Answer 9

Outside

Question 10

How is the sodium transported from inside to outside the cell

Answer 10

Pumped out by sodium pumps

Question 11

Is there more potassium inside or outside the cell

Answer 11

Inside for re polarisation

Question 12

What is the synaptic cleft

Answer 12

The space between terminal buttons and dendrites of target cell

Question 13

What is it know as when an action potential continues into next cell

Answer 13

Neurotransmission or synaptic communication

Question 14

What is the basis for learning

Answer 14

Changes in neurotransmission at the synaptic cleft

Question 15

What are the three forms of synaptic connections

Answer 15

Axodendritic
Axosomatic
Axoaxonic

Question 16

What is the process of synaptic communication

Answer 16

Action potential reaches axon terminal> stimulates release of neurotransmitter molecules from sacs called vesicles> molecules across synaptic gap and bind to receptor sites on receiving neuron> allows electrically charged atoms to enter receiving neuron> new action potential is excited or inhibited

Question 17

What are the two basic types of neurotransmitters

Answer 17

Excitatory post - synaptic potential

Inhibitory post - synaptic potential

Question 18

What causes an excitatory post synaptic potential

Answer 18

Bind to receptors opening ligand-gated Na+ channels causing EPSP in post synaptic neuron generating an action potential

Question 19

What causes and inhibitory post- synaptic potential

Answer 19

Bind to receptors opening ligand- gated K+ channels producing IPSP in post synaptic neuron - no action potential is generated

Question 20

What type of neurotransmitter is glutamate

Answer 20

Excitory

Question 21

What type of neurotransmitter is GABA

Answer 21

Inhibitory

Question 22

What is a positron emission tomography

Answer 22

It binds with radioactive atoms to a molecule that has same shape as naurtransmitter and injected into a person

Radioactive atoms are then detected by scanner

Question 23

When does neuromodulation occur

Answer 23

When neurotransmission molecules are not pumped back into presynaptic cell by re uptake > this then leaks into extra synaptic space to modulate activation level of neighbouring cells