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Psych 377 > The Occipital Lobes and Networks > Flashcards

The Occipital Lobes and Networks Flashcards

1
Q

the occipital lobe is _________ within the brain

A

posterior

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2
Q

what types of animals has the organization of the primate visual field been studied extensively in

A

old world monkeys

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3
Q

where do the visual areas extend into

A

the temporal and parietal lobes

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4
Q

what is the context of the primary visual cortex?

A

surrounds the calcarine sulcus and contains distinct layers and sublayers

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5
Q

what is true of the visual regions in the left and right hemispheres?

A

they are not exactly the same

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6
Q

V1 and V2 are both _________

A

heterogenous

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7
Q

thin stripes are involved in what

A

color perception

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8
Q

thick stripes are involved in what

A

form information

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9
Q

pale stripes are involved in what

A

motion perception

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10
Q

why is color perception important

A

enhances our ability to detect form and motion

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11
Q

where does visual processing start and project to?

A

starts in V1 and projects to all major visual areas

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12
Q

where is the secondary processing location in the visual system

A

V2

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13
Q

within V2 what is the dorsal stream responsible for

A

visual guidance of movemebt

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14
Q

within V2 what is the ventral stream responsible for

A

object and motion perception

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15
Q

within V2 what is the STS stream responsible for

A

object and motion perception

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16
Q

what is another name for the dorsal stream in the visual system

A

occipitopareital

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17
Q

where does the occipitopareital (dorsal) stream flow inthe brain

A

from area V1 to the posterior parietal areas

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18
Q

what is another name for the ventral stream in the visual system

A

occipitotemporal

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19
Q

where does the occipitotemporal (ventral) stream flow in the brain

A

from area V1 to the temporal lobe to take part in object recognition and functions of temporal visual areas

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20
Q

what makes up the STS stream

A

the convergence of info from dorsal and ventral streams

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21
Q

where does the STS stream flow

A

from area V1 into superior temporal sulcus

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22
Q

V1 and V2 are said to be what?

A

heterogenous general areas

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23
Q

what sort of info does V3 proess

A

dynamic form, the shapes of objects in motion

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24
Q

what does V4 process

A

mostly color info

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25
Q

what does V5 do

A

involved in motion processing, also called MT

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26
Q

what does damage to higher visual areas result in

A

deficits specific to the functions of those areas

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27
Q

what kind of symptoms/experience do people with damage to V1 report

A

being blind

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28
Q

what is the role and importance of V1

A

necessary for individuals to process and interpret visual info, without it ppl seem unaware of visual input

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29
Q

why might the lateral ventral pathway be unique to humans

A

because it may be related to language and tool use

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30
Q

what do haak and beckmann propose

A

two separate ventral streams (lateral ventral and ventral ventral) in ADDITION to the dorsal streams

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31
Q

what are the 3 proposed visual streams (Haak and Beckmann)

A

-lateral ventral
-ventral ventral
-dorsal

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32
Q

what is the function and name of area EBA

A

extrastriate body area, body analysis

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33
Q

function and name of area FBA?

A

fusiform body area, body analysis

34
Q

function and name of area STS?

A

superior temporal sulcus, analysis of biological movement

35
Q

function and name of area STSp?

A

superior temporal sulcus (posterior), moving-body analysis

36
Q

function and name of area PPA?

A

parahippocampal place area, analysis of landmarks

37
Q

which areas are involved in the ventral stream?

A

LO, FFA, EBA, FBA, STS, STSp, PPA

38
Q

which areas are found in the dorsal stream?

A

LIP, AIP, VIP, PRR, CIPS

39
Q

function and name of area LIP

A

Lateral intraparietal sulcus, voluntary eye movement

40
Q

function and name of area AIP

A

anterior intraparietal sulcus, object-directed grasping

41
Q

function and name of area VIP

A

ventral intraparietal sulcus, visuomotor guidance

42
Q

funciton and name of PRR

A

parietal reach region, visually guided reaching

43
Q

function and name of CIPS

A

intrapareital sulcus, object directed action

44
Q

when looking at a face, an observed focuses on what areas of the face

A

eyes and mouth, particularly in the left visual field

45
Q

bias to the left visual field seems to be specific to what

A

viewing faces

46
Q

when a subject performs a mental rotation task, the task is often accompanied by what

A

eye movements

47
Q

what improves performance on tasks in the dark

A

closing eyes

48
Q

what does egocentric space refer to

A

space in relation to observer

49
Q

what does allocentric space refer to

A

space in relation of objects to each other

50
Q

what influences what we attend to in the visual system

A

top down and bottom up

51
Q

information for visually guided movement projects from…

A

v1 to parietal areas over dorsal stream

52
Q

patients with damage to lateral occipital area could…..

A

shape hand to grasp object they could not consciously see

53
Q

patients with damage to dorsal stream can…..

A

see objects but not accurately reach for them

54
Q

what does dorsal stream provide

A

real time visual control of action

55
Q

simple animals move toward or away from light without…..

A

perceiving light or dark

56
Q

when are posterior parietal visual neurons active

A

only when the brain is acting on visual info, not just looking at it (THIS IS DORSAL STREAM)

57
Q

what is the role of dorsal stream neurons in the visual system

A

to provide a connection between the visual world that is perceived and the intent to take action in that world

58
Q

how are parietal-cortex lesions that impact visual areas characterized?

A

visuospatial or visuomotor

59
Q

much of dorsal stream processing in visual system occurs where

A

below conscious awareness

60
Q

areas V3 and V4 are found in which stream and lobe

A

ventral stream, temporally

61
Q

areas V5 and V3A are found in which stream and lobe

A

dorsal stream, parietal

62
Q

how do dorsal and ventral streams exchange information

A

through poly sensory neurons in STS

63
Q

ventral stream main function

A

visually identify objects

64
Q

dorsal stream main function

A

visual action to guide movements

65
Q

main details in B.K. case study

A

V1 and scotoma

66
Q

what is blindsight

A

knowing something about the visual stimulus even tho the patient says the cant see it. V1 may be damaged but higher visual areas remain intact

67
Q

main details in DB case study

A

V1 damage and blindsight (removal of right calcarine fissure)

68
Q

main details in BI case study

A

damage to occipital lobe bilaterally, is able to recognie faces/colors, using higher processing areas

69
Q

main details in JI case study

A

damage and loss of color vision

70
Q

main details in PB case study

A

can detect presence of light, otherwise blind but can still imagine colors

71
Q

main details in LM case study

A

V5 (MT) damage and movement

72
Q

main details in DF case study

A

occipital damage and visual agnosia

73
Q

what is visual agnosia

A

inability to recognize objectsor pictures of objects

74
Q

famous study done on DF

A

mailing card through slot

75
Q

what do results of the DF study suggest

A

ventral stream is not intact, dorsal stream is (still able to match orientation of card to slot ONLY if she made a movement to do it)

76
Q

what is optic ataxia

A

deficit in visually guided movements like reaching

77
Q

what is prosopagnosia

A

cant recognize faces

78
Q

what is alexia

A

difficulty reading

79
Q

what is apperceptive agnosia

A

object agnosia in which patient fails to recignizse a basic feature of the object like color or motion

80
Q

what is simultagnosia

A

patient can perceive object but only one at a time

81
Q

what is associative agnosia

A

patient can perceive the object but cannot recognize it

Psych 377 (11 decks)

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