The Periodic Table

Question 1

The Periodic Table of the Elements organizes the elements according to

Answer 1

atomic numbers and reveals a pattern of similar chemical and physical properties among elements

Question 2

Rows are called

Answer 2

Periods

Question 3

Periods are based on

Answer 3

same principal energy level, n

Question 4

Columns are called

Answer 4

Groups

Question 5

Elements in the same group have

Answer 5

the same valence shell electron configuration

Question 6

Elements on the Periodic Table belong to one of three types

Answer 6

Metals, nonmetals, and metelloids

Question 7

What elements are shiny (lustrous), conduct electricity well, and are malleable and ductile

Answer 7

Metals

Question 8

Where are metals found on the Periodic Table

Answer 8

left side and middle

Question 9

What elements are dull, poor conductors of electricity, and are brittle

Answer 9

Nonmetals

Question 10

Where are nonmetals located

Answer 10

right side

Question 11

What elements posse characteristics of both metals and nonmetals

Answer 11

Metalloids

Question 12

Where are metalloids located

Answer 12

In a staircase formation between metals and nonmentals

Question 13

What is the first element of the metalloids

Answer 13

Boron (B)

Question 14

What is the net positive charge experienced by electrons in the valence shell and forms the foundation for all periodic trends

Answer 14

Effective nuclear charge (Z’eff)

Question 15

Z’eff increases how across a period

Answer 15

From left to right

Question 16

What is the trend for Z’eff along a group

Answer 16

Little to no change

Question 17

Valence electrons become increasingly separated from the nucleus as

Answer 17

the principal energy level, n, increases from top to bottom in a group

Question 18

Atomic radius trends how along a period

Answer 18

decreases from left to right

Question 19

Atomic radius trends how along a group

Answer 19

increases from top to bottom

Question 20

Ionic radius is the

Answer 20

size of a charged species

Question 21

Cations are generally _____ than their corresponding neutral atom

Answer 21

smaller

Question 22

Anions are generally ______than their corresponding neutral atom

Answer 22

Larger

Question 23

Ionization energy is the

Answer 23

amount of energy necessary to remove an electron from the valence shell of a gaseous species

Question 24

Ionization energy trends how within a period

Answer 24

increases from left to right

Question 25

Ionization energy trends how within a group

Answer 25

decreases from top to bottom

Question 26

Electron affinity is

Answer 26

the amount of energy released when a gaseous species gains an electron in its valence shell

Question 27

Electron affinity trends how, within a period

Answer 27

increases from left to right

Question 28

Electron affinity trends how within a group

Answer 28

Decreases top to bottom

Question 29

Electronegativity is a

Answer 29

measure of the attractive force of the nucleus for electrons within a bond

Question 30

Electronegativty trends how within a period

Answer 30

increases from left to right

Question 31

Electronegativty trends how within a group

Answer 31

decreases from top to bottom

Question 32

What group takes on an oxidation state of +1 and prefer to lose an electron to achieve a noble gas-like configuration; they are the most reactive of all metals.

Answer 32

Alkali metals

Question 33

What group takes on an oxidation state of +2 and can lose two electrons to achieve noble gas-like configurations

Answer 33

Alkaline Earth Metals

Question 34

What group takes on oxidation states of −2 or +6 (depending on whether they are nonmetals or metals, respectively) in order to achieve noble gas configuration. They are very biologically important.

Answer 34

Chalcogens

Question 35

What group typically takes on an oxidation state of −1 and prefers to gain an electron to achieve noble gas-like configurations; these nonmetals have the highest electronegativities

Answer 35

Halogens

Question 36

What group has a fully filled valence shell in their standard state and prefer not to give up or take on additional electrons; they have very high ionization energies and virtually nonexistent electronegativities and electron affinities

Answer 36

Nobel gases

Question 37

What group is unique because they take on multiple oxidation states, which explains their ability to form colorful complexes with nonmetals in solution and their utility in certain biological systems

Answer 37

Transition Metals