Atomic Structures

Question 1

What has a positive charge and mass around 1 amu

Answer 1

Proton

Question 2

What has no charge and mass around 1 amu

Answer 2

Neutron

Question 3

What has a negative charge and negligible mass

Answer 3

Electron

Question 4

The nucleus contains what subatomic particals

Answer 4

Protons and neutrons

Question 5

Where are the electrons of an atom located

Answer 5

Orbiting around the nucleus

Question 6

The number of protons in a given element is called what

Answer 6

Atomic number

Question 7

The sum of an element’s protons and neutrons is called what

Answer 7

Mass number

Question 8

What is the sum of an element’s protons and neutrons called

Answer 8

Atomic mass

Question 9

The mass number and atomic mass are related how

Answer 9

They are the same

Question 10

What are atoms of a given element that have a difference in the number of neutrons called

Answer 10

Isotopes

Question 11

The three isotopes of hydrogen

Answer 11

Protium, deuterium, and tritium

Question 12

The weighted average of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element is called

Answer 12

Atomic weight

Question 13

Rutherford first postulated what

Answer 13

Atom had a dense, positively charged nucleus that made up only a small fraction of the volume of the atom

Question 14

A dense, positively charged nucleus is surrounded by electrons revolving around the nucleus in orbits with distinct energy levels in what model

Answer 14

Bohr model of the atom

Question 15

The energy difference between energy levels is called a

Answer 15

Quantum

Question 16

Quantization means what

Answer 16

there is not an infinite range of energy levels available to an electron; electrons can exist only at certain energy levels

Question 17

Where does an electron have the highest energy levels

Answer 17

When it is far away from the nucleus

Question 18

The ______ of an element is unique; for an electron to jump from a lower energy level to a higher one, it must absorb an amount of energy precisely equal to the energy difference between the two levels

Answer 18

atomic absorption spectrum

Question 19

When electrons return from the excited state to the ground state, they emit an amount of energy that is exactly equal to the energy difference between the two levels; every element has a characteristic ____________, and sometimes the electromagnetic energy emitted corresponds to a frequency in the visible light range

Answer 19

atomic emission spectrum

Question 20

Electrons do not travel in defined orbits but rather are localized in orbitals, which is what model

Answer 20

Quantum mechanical model

Question 21

What principle states that it is impossible to know both an electron’s position and its momentum exactly at the same time

Answer 21

Heisenberg uncertainty principal

Question 22

How many quantum numbers are there

Answer 22

4

Question 23

What describes the average energy of a shell

Answer 23

Principal quantum number, n

Question 24

What describes the subshells within a given principal energy level

Answer 24

Azimuthal quantum number, L

Question 25

What 4 subshells does L represent

Answer 25

S, p, d, and f

Question 26

What specifies the particular orbital within a subshell where an electron is likely to be found at a given moment in time

Answer 26

magnetic quantum number, m’l

Question 27

What indicates the spin orientation of an electron in an orbital

Answer 27

spin quantum number, m’s

Question 28

What 2 spins can m’s be

Answer 28

+1/2 and -1/2

Question 29

The ________ uses spectroscopic notation (combining the n and l values as a number and letter, respectively) to designate the location of electrons

Answer 29

Electron configuration

Question 30

Electrons fill the principal energy levels and subshells according to increasing energy, which can be determined by what rule

Answer 30

(n+L) rule

Question 31

What rule states subshells with multiple orbitals (p, d, and f) fill electrons so that every orbital in a subshell gets one electron before any of them gets a second

Answer 31

Hund’s rule

Question 32

Materials that have unpaired electrons that align with magnetic fields, attracting the material to a magnet are called what

Answer 32

Paramagnetic

Question 33

Materials that have all paired electrons, which can not easily be realigned; they are repelled by magnets are called what

Answer 33

Diamagnetic

Question 34

Electrons in the outermost shell available for interaction

Answer 34

Valance electrons