The periodic table

Question 1

what’s an element

Answer 1

substance which consists of only one type of atom and cannot be broken down by chemical means

Question 2

what’s a compound
Elements

Answer 2

a substance that consists of two or more elements chemically combined

Question 3

what’s an atom

Answer 3

simplest particle of an element which can exist on its own

Question 4

what’s a molecule
a particle which consists of

Answer 4

a particle which consists of two or more atoms chemically bonded together

Question 5

name 5 differences between Mendeleev’s periodic table
more, trans, ng, a+l, an vs am

Answer 5

• modern table is arranged in atomic number vs Mendeleev arranged in atomic mass
• there are more elements in modern and no gaps
• block of transition metals
• noble gases
• actinides and lanthanides

Question 6

who created the first periodic table in order of what
(gaps)

Answer 6

Dmitri Mendeleev in order of atomic mass. He left gaps for undiscovered elements

Question 7

what is a period

Answer 7

the horizontal row

Question 8

what is a group

Answer 8

the vertical column

Question 9

6 properties of metals

Answer 9

• conduct electricity
• conduct heat
• ductile
• malleable
• high melting point
• sonorous

Question 10

7 properties of non-metals

Answer 10

• usually don’t conduct heat
• usually don’t conduct electricity
• not ductile
• not malleable
• usually brittle
• usually low melting point
• non sonorous

Question 11

what two NON METALS conduct heat and electricity

Answer 11

• graphite
• graphene

Question 12

what 3 NON METALS have high melting points

Answer 12

• graphite
• graphene
• diamond

Question 13

what are group 1 metals called and what’s special about them

Answer 13

alkali metals
the most reactive metals

Question 14

what are group 2 metals called

Answer 14

alkaline earth metals
- less reactive than group 1

Question 15

what are group 7 elements called and what’s special about them

Answer 15

halogens
- most reactive non metals

Question 16

what are group 0 elements called
and what’s special about them

Answer 16

noble gases
- unreactive

Question 17

what are the 11 gases at room temp and pressure
Hell No Fuck Off Caroline No Guys

Answer 17

hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, and the noble gases (last group)

Question 18

what are the 2 liquids at room temp and pressure

Answer 18

bromine
mercury

Question 19

what does diatomic mean

Answer 19

means there are two atoms covalently bonded in a molecule

Question 20

when writing the formulae of diatomic molecules in a balanced symbol equation what needs to be included after

Answer 20

a small 2 after the symbol to indicate two atoms joined in a molecules e.g. H2, O2

Question 21

what are the 7 diatomic elements

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Answer 21

hydrogen - H2
Nitrogen - N2
oxygen - O2
fluorine - F2
chlorine - Cl2
bromine - Br2
iodine - I2

Question 22

7 properties of group 1 metals

r, s, ec, t, ld, lmp, ce

Answer 22

• reactive
• soft and easily cut
• tarnishes
• low density
• low melting point
• conduct electricity

Question 23

how are group 1 (alkali metals) stored

Answer 23

under oil to prevent reaction with oxygen and moisture in air

Question 24

what is the trend going down group 1 and why

Answer 24

reactivity increases - the outer shell electron is lost more rapidly because of the increasing distance of the electron
melting point decreases

Question 25

general word equation for group 1 elements with water

Answer 25

metal + water--> metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 26

name two ways we can reduce the risks when using group 1 elements

Answer 26

- safety screen - metal handled with tweezers

Question 27

what happens to lithium when it reacts with water

Answer 27

- floats and moves - fizzes - disappears - releases heat - colourless solution formed

Question 28

what is the equation for Lithium reacting with water

Answer 28

2Li + 2H2O --> 2LiOH + H2

Question 29

what observations are observed when Sodium (Na) reacts with water

Answer 29

metal floats, moves on surface, bubbles of gas, heat released, Na melts and forms ball, Na disappears, colourless solution forms

Question 30

what is the equation for sodium reacting with water

Answer 30

2Na + 2H2O ---> 2NAOH + H2

Question 31

what observations are observed when Potassium (K) reacts with water

Answer 31

metal floats, moves on surface, burns with lilac flame, heat released, bubbles of gas, K disappears, colourless solution forms

Question 32

what is the equation for potassium reacting with water

Answer 32

2K + 2H20 --> 2KOH + H2

Question 33

properties of group 7 (the halogens)

Answer 33

- most reactive non metals - all diatomic molecules - all react with group 1 to form solid, white, ionic compounds - don't conduct electricity - have 7 electrons in their outer shell - have a valency of 1

Question 34

trend going down group 7

Answer 34

- reactivity decreases - size atom increases - harder to gain electron

Question 35

name the colour and state of fluorine at room temp and pressure

Answer 35

yellow gas

Question 36

name the colour and state of chlorine at room temp and pressure

Answer 36

yellow-green gas

Question 37

name the colour and state of bromine at room temp and pressure

Answer 37

red-brown liquid

Question 38

name the colour and state of iodine at room temp and pressure

Answer 38

grey-black solid

Question 39

what happens when you heat iodine

Answer 39

grey black solid changes to purple vapour then to grey-black crystals on cooling - sublimation

Question 40

how do you test for chlorine gas

Answer 40

using damp universal indicator paper which changes to red then bleaches white if there's chlorine gas

Question 41

What does a more reactive halogen do to a less reactive halogen in an aqueous solution?

Answer 41

A more reactive halogen will displace a less reactive halogen from its salt solution.

Question 42

What charge does a stable halogen ion have?

Answer 42

A single negative charge.

Question 43

what does aquias mean

Answer 43

mixed with water

Question 44

what happens when iodine or bromine (halogens) is mixed with sodium chloride solution

Answer 44

no reaction

Question 45

what happens when sodium bromide solution is mixed with chlorine

Answer 45

colourless solution turns orange

Question 46

what happens when sodium bromide solution is mixed with iodine

Answer 46

no reaction

Question 47

what happens when sodium iodide solution is mixed with chlorine or bromine

Answer 47

colourless solution turns brown

Question 48

What trend in reactivity is observed in group 7 halogens?

Answer 48

Reactivity decreases going down group 7.

Question 49

What does a more reactive halogen do to a less reactive halogen in an aqueous solution?

Answer 49

A more reactive halogen will displace a less reactive halogen from its salt solution.

Question 50

Why do halogens have similar chemical properties?

Answer 50

Because when they react, an atom gains one electron to form a negative ion (anion) with a full outer shell of electrons.

Question 51

What charge does a stable halogen ion have?

Answer 51

A single negative charge.

Question 52

properties of group 0 elements (noble gases)

Answer 52

- unreactive non metals because of their full outer shell of electrons - colourless gas at room temp - boiling point increases down group

Question 53

properties of transition metals

Answer 53

- high melting points - high density - less reactive with water than group1 - can form ions - often coloured

Question 54

what colour is copper (II) oxide

Answer 54

black

Question 55

what colour is copper (II) salts usually

Answer 55

usually blue in solution

Question 55

what colour is copper (II) carbonate

Answer 55

green

Question 56

what colour is hydrated copper (II) sulfate

Answer 56

blue