The Pharmacist Semester 1

Question 1

List the 7 principles in the code of ethics.

Answer 1

Patients are the first concern
Use professional judgement in the interest of the patient and the public
Show respect for others
Encourage patients to participate in decisions about their care
Develop professional knowledge and competence
Be honest and trustworthy
Take responsibility for your work practices

Question 2

What are the four stages in the journey of a prescription?

Answer 2

Practitioner diagnoses and prescribes
Patient hands prescription into pharmacy
Pharmacy dispenses medicine
Pharmacist gives the medicine to a patient

Question 3

What are the two types of prescription?

Answer 3

NHS- full cost paid by taxes, prescription charge applies unless exempt
Private- full cost of prescription and medicine covered by patient

Question 4

Give examples of prescribers

Answer 4

Medical doctor
Nurse practitioner
Dentist
Pharmacist

Question 5

In what circumstances can a GSL line medicine be sold?

Answer 5

In any retail outlet

Question 6

In what circumstances can a P line medicine be sold?

Answer 6

Sold only with pharmacist supervision

Question 7

In what circumstances can a PO line medicine be sold?

Answer 7

GSL but sold under responsible pharmacist rules

Question 8

What is a POM?

Answer 8

Only to be supplied with a prescription under pharmacist supervision

Question 9

What is a CD?

Answer 9

A drug controlled by the Misuse of Drugs Act

Question 10

What are the 6 legal requirements for a prescription?

Answer 10

Patient's name
Patient's address
Prescriber's name and address
Patient's age if over than 12 years (DOB if under)
Signature of prescriber
Appropriate date

Question 11

What are the 6 legal requirements of a label?

Answer 11

Name of patient
Name and address of supplier (pharmacy)
Date of dispensing
Directions for use
Drug name
Expiry and batch number if made extemporaneously

Question 12

What is a near miss?

Answer 12

An error that is identified and rectified during the dispensing process

Question 13

Give examples of clinical errors.

Answer 13

Overdose
Inappropriate medicine
Interaction not identified
Underdose

Question 14

What is a parenteral route?

Answer 14

Injection directly into a body compartment or cavity

Question 15

Give three examples of intravenous administration.

Answer 15

Bolus injection
Intermittent infusion
Continuous infusion

Question 16

Give 6 examples of oral administration.

Answer 16

Tablet
Capsule
Powder
Syrup
Suspension
Linctus

Question 17

Give two examples of rectal administration.

Answer 17

Suppository

Enema

Question 18

Give four examples of topical administration.

Answer 18

Cream
Gel
Ointment
Lotion

Question 19

Give two advantages of parenteral administration.

Answer 19

Rapid action

Can be used in an uncooperative patient

Question 20

Give two advantages of oral administration.

Answer 20

Regular dosing is straightforward and convenient

Cheap to supply

Question 21

Give three advantages of transdermal administration.

Answer 21

Bypasses first pass metabolism
Reduces risk of side effects
Long lasting

Question 22

What code and colour is given to a GP prescription?

Answer 22

FP10SS
FP10NC (handwritten)
Green

Question 23

What code and colour is given to a Nurse practitioner prescription?

Answer 23

FP10P

Lilac

Question 24

What code and colour is given to a dentist prescription?

Answer 24

FP10D

Yellow

Question 25

What is the Black List?

Answer 25

Drugs not permitted on the NHS

Question 26

What is the ACBS?

Answer 26

List of foods/toiletries that can be prescribed in specific circumstances

Question 27

Define empathy.

Answer 27

Ability to understand and share the feelings of others

Question 28

What are pharmacokinetics?

Answer 28

Passage of drug through the body and what the body does to the drug

Question 29

What are pharmacodynamics?

Answer 29

How the drug acts and what it does to the body

Question 30

What is ADME?

Answer 30

Absorption of drugs into the bloodstream Distribution of drug into tissues and extravascular fluids Metabolism of drugs Excretion of drugs mainly by the kidneys

Question 31

Define bioavailability.

Answer 31

Percentage of administered dose that reaches systemic circulation

Question 32

What is volume of distribution? And what does a low Vd show?

Answer 32

It measures the extent to which the drug moves into the tissues. A small Vd shows that most of the drug is in the blood

Question 33

What is the rate of elimination?

Answer 33

Clearance x concentration of drug in the body

Question 34

What is clearance?

Answer 34

Volume of plasma completely cleared of the drug over unit time

Question 35

List four parts of the body involved in metabolism.

Answer 35

Liver Lungs GI tract Kidneys

Question 36

List four parts of the body involved in excretion

Answer 36

Kidneys Salvia Sweat Breast milk

Question 37

In what circumstances are drug-drug interactions beneficial?

Answer 37

If blood levels of the drug increases | If they contribute to reducing side effects

Question 38

What is a black dot interaction?

Answer 38

A potentially hazardous interaction that should be avoided where possible

Question 39

Who is more likely to experience drug-drug interactions?

Answer 39

Elderly patients Those taking numerous drugs Those with hepatic or renal impairment Those with concomitant disease

Question 40

How would you measure a pharmacokinetic interaction?

Answer 40

Look for signs of toxicity or reduced efficacy

Question 41

Give four examples of types of pharmacodynamic interaction.

Answer 41

Same pharmacological effects Toxic effects Antagonistic effects Disturbances in electrolytes