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3RD yr- CCD1- Embryology > The Pharyngeal Apparatus > Flashcards

The Pharyngeal Apparatus Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What is the Pharyngeal Apparatus made up off

A

Arches
Pouches
Clefts

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2
Q

What is the mesoderm organised into

A
  1. Paraxial mesoderm
  2. Intermediate mesoderm
  3. Lateral plate mesoderm
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3
Q

How does the mesoderm become organised

A

The notochord induces neurulation and organisation of the mesoderm

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4
Q

What does the paraxial mesoderm form

A

Forms somites, skeletal muscles, dermis and vertebrae

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5
Q

What does the intermediate mesoderm form

A

Genitourinary system

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6
Q

What does the lateral plate mesoderm do

A

It splits into the parietal and visceral layers

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7
Q

What does the lateral plate eventually form

A

Linings of the body cavity such as the peritoneum and smooth muscle of the gut wall

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8
Q

Name the 3 germ layer

A

endoderm
mesoderm
ectoderm

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9
Q

Where are neural crest cells derived from

A

Neuroectoderm

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10
Q

How are neural crest cells formed

A

Neural folds elevate and fuse to form the neural tub e

Cells at eh lateral edge migrate laterally and ventrally to form neural crest cells

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11
Q

When does Pharyngeal Apparatus begin to form

A

Week 4

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12
Q

How many Pharyngeal Arches are there

A

5

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13
Q

What do the Pharyngeal arches give rise to

A

give rise to numerous structures in head and neck

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14
Q

How do the Pharyngeal arches grow

A

Grow in a craniocaudal succession

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15
Q

Describe the structure of Pharyngeal arches

A

External ectodermal lining

Internal endodermal lining with a Mesenchymal core in the middle

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16
Q

What eventually comes off the Pharyngeal arches

A

The cranial nerves

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17
Q

What can the 1st Pharyngeal arch be divided into

A

2 parts:

Mandibular and maxillary

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18
Q

What does the direct ossification of the mesenchyme of the 1 arch lead to

A 
Formation of many boney structures such as:
Maxilla 
Zygomatic bone 
Squamous temporal bone 
Mandible
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19
Q

What cartilages are associated with the 1st Pharyngeal arch

A

Maxillary cartilage: alisphenoid

Meckels cartilage

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20
Q

What does the Meckels cartilage go on to form

A

The malleus and incus (bones in the ear)

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21
Q

What muscles are derived from the 1st Pharyngeal arch

A
  1. Muscles of mastication
  2. Mylohyoid
  3. Anterior belly of digastric
  4. Tensor veli palatine
  5. Tensor tympani
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22
Q

Name the nerve supply associated with the first arch

A
  1. Maxillary and mandibular divisions of the trigeminal nerve
  2. Maxillary artery
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23
Q

What is another name for the maxillary artery

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A

1st aortic arch

24
Q

Name the cartilage associated with the 2nd Pharyngeal arch

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A

Reicherts cartilage

25
What does reicherts cartilage go on to form
1. Stapes 2. Styloid process 3. Lesser horns and upper rim of hyoid 4. Stylohyoid ligament
26
Name the muscles derived from the 2nd Pharyngeal arch
1. Muscles of facial expression 2. posterior belly of digastric 3. Stylohyoid 4. Stapoedius
27
Which nerve is associated with the 2nd Pharyngeal arch
Facial nerve
28
Name the artery associated with the 2nd Pharyngeal arch
Stapedial artery
29
Which skeletal structures are derived from the 3rd Pharyngeal arch
Greater horn and lower rim
30
Which musculature structures are derived from the 3rd Pharyngeal arch
Atylopharyngeus
31
Which nerve forms from eh 3rd Pharyngeal arch
Glossopharyngeal nerve
32
Which artery is associated with the 3rd Pharyngeal arch
Common carotid
33
Which skeletal structures are derived from the 4th and 6th Pharyngeal arches
Laryngeal cartilage
34
Which musculature structures are derived from the 4th Pharyngeal arch
1. Constrictors of the pharynx | 2. Levator veli palatini
35
Which musculature structures are derived from the 6th Pharyngeal arch
1. Constrictors of the pharynx | 2. Intrinsic muscles of larynx
36
Which nerve us associated with the 4th Pharyngeal arch
Superior laryngeal nerve
37
Which nerve us associated with the 6th Pharyngeal arch
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
38
Where does the blood supply for the 4th Pharyngeal arch come from
Left: arch of aorta Right: Subclavian
39
Where does the blood supply for the 6th Pharyngeal arch come from
left: ductus arteriosus | right and left pulmonary arteries
40
What forms from the 1st Pharyngeal arch
Lateral lingual swellings fuse in midline to form the muscle of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
41
Name some abnormal conditions fo the tongue
Ankyloglossia
42
What is Ankyloglossia
When the ventral surface of the tongue initially fused to the floor of the mirth
43
What is another term for Ankyloglossia
Tongue tied
44
How many Pharyngeal clefts do we have?
4 externally
45
How many Pharyngeal pouches do we have?
4 internal in lateral wall of pharynx
46
What are the Pharyngeal clefts derived from
ectoderm
47
What are the pharyngeal pouches derived from
Endoderm
48
What happens to the 1st Pharyngeal cleft
It elongates into the external acoustic meatus and part of the tympanic membrane
49
What happens to the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Pharyngeal clefts
They are obliterated by the expanding 2nd arch
50
What can happen if the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Pharyngeal clefts do not regress
Can lead to cervical cysts forming
51
What are cervical cysts
They are swellings on the lateral surface of the neck
52
What are cervical cysts made of
Remnants fo the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Pharyngeal clefts
53
What does the 1st Pharyngeal pouch give rise to
Tubotympanic recess forming the tympanic cavity, tympanic membrane and auditory tube
54
What does the 2nd Pharyngeal pouch give rise to
Palatine tonsil
55
What does the 3rd Pharyngeal pouch give rise to
Inferior parathyroid gland and thymus
56
What does the 4th Pharyngeal pouch give rise to
Superior parathyroid gland and ultimobranchial body

3RD yr- CCD1- Embryology (5 decks)

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