The phases Flashcards
(23 cards)
Interphase G1
G1: The cell will grow to nearly full-size
Interphase S
S: This is when DNA in the nucleus is replicated
Interphase G2
The cell finishes growing
Prophase
Microtubules attach to the chromosomes
Metaphase
This is when the chromosomes align and attach to spindle fibers
Anaphase
The Chromosomes split and move to 2 ends of the cell
Telophases
Nuclear membranes reappear around the 2 sets of chromosomes
Cytokinesis
After mitosis 2 new cells are formed (Split into 2 cells with the same DNA)
What are the steps of Mitosis?
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
What is Mitosis?
Dividing the duplicated DNA of a cell into 2 new nuclei
what cells go through Mitosis
Blood cells and skin cells
Where is the DNA found in a eukaryotic cell?
in the nucleus
Why do cells go through Mitosis?
To grow, repair or replace damaged cells
How are tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes play a role in the cell cycle?
Tumor suppresser Tumor suppressor genes inhibit cell division.
Proto-oncogenes makes sure that the cells divide
how can a cancerous cell invade the immune system?
Cancer cells do not possess the identifying proteins on their surface which allows them to not be recognized in the immune system.
compare and contrast normal and cancer cells
- Normal cells stay in one place will cancer cells can travel all over
- normal cells have a predetermined life, and cancer cells can liver forever
- normal cells have a job they need to do while cancer cells are not functional
What are chromosomes made of?
DNA
What is cancer
Cell division is out of control.
Be able to differentiate between plant and animal cell cytokinesis.
Animal cell has a cleavage furrow and splits into 2
Plant cell has a cell plate and cuts vertically
How do checkpoints help regulate cell division?
G1– Makes sure the cell has enough nurturance for the next cell division
M — All chromosomes attach to spindle fibers
S – When DNA is copied with no errors
Describe apoptosis and why it is needed/important.
Apoptosis is programmed cell death. to rid the body of cells that have been damaged beyond repair.
What would happen if the spindle fibers were damaged?
The cell wouldn’t go through anaphase and then the chromosomes wouldn’t separate properly.
Cancer cells can be described as____and_____
benign___ (good) and _malignant____ (bad).
