Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

314 Exam 2 > The Physiology of Circulation > Flashcards

The Physiology of Circulation Flashcards

(74 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

pumping action of the heart causes

A

blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

blood flow is measured as the

A

amount of blood traveling through any organ, tissue, or blood vessel in a given period of time (mL/minute)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

velocity of blood flow depends on

A

cross sectional area through which it flows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

blood perfusion describes

A

the flow of blood through a given volume or mass of tissue per unit of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the total blood flow in a resting individual is

A

constant and equal to his or her cardiac output, but blood flow through any particular organ varies from minute to minute as blood gets redirected through different organ systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hemodynamics are based on

A

blood pressure and resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

blood flow is directly proportional to the

A

difference in pressure between two points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

blood flow is inversely proportional to the

A

resistance it encounters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

blood pressure is

A

the force exerted by blood against the walls of a blood vessel when it encounters resistance as it flows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

blood pressure is determined by

A

cardiac output, blood volume, and resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cardiac output is the product of

A

stroke volume and heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

systolic blood pressure occurs during

A

ventricular contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

diastolic blood pressure occurs during

A

ventricular relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pulse pressure is

A

the difference between the systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

mean arterial blood pressure propels blood to

A

the tissues and measures the stress on blood vessels based upon diastolic pressure and pulse pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

peripheral resistance describes

A

the opposition to blood flow because of friction between blood and the walls of the blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

resistance is directly proportional to

A

blood viscosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

blood viscosity depends on

A

ratio of erythrocytes to plasma volume and concentration of proteins in blood plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

any reduction in number of erythrocytes

A

reduces viscosity, so it decreases resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

any reduction in concentration of plasma proteins

A

reduces viscosity, so it decreases resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

any increase in number of erythrocytes

A

increases viscosity, so it increases resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

dehydration increases

A

blood viscosity, so it increases resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

resistance is directly proportional to

A

vessel length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

longer blood vessels provide more

A

friction and greater peripheral resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
adjusting ____________ has the greatest short term influence on blood flow
BLOOD VESSEL RADIUS | because viscosity is relatively stable and vessel length does not change over short periods of time
26
vasoconstriction
reduces radius of blood vessel
27
vasodilation
increases radius of a blood vessel
28
resistance is inversely proportional to
vessel radius
29
blood typically exhibits laminar flow by moving
faster near center of a blood vessel due to less friction, and slower near walls of blood vessel due to more friction
30
decreasing radius of a blood vessel by half increases resistance by
16 times
31
because of differences in cross-sectional areas
blood flow declines from arteries to capillaries, but increases from capillaries to veins
32
autoregulation describes
ability of an organ to regulate its own blood supply by varying the resistance of the arterioles in order to meet the metabolic demands for oxygen, nutrients, and waste removal
33
warming promotes
vasodilation
34
cooling promotes
vasoconstriction
35
vasoactive chemicals by platelets, leukocytes, or endothelial cells alter
blood vessel radius
36
lactic acid, histamines, and nitric oxide are examples of
vasodilators
37
the cardiovascular center in the medulla oblongata contains a
cardiac center and a vasomotor center, which exerts neural control over blood vessels by transmitting impulses to maintain vasomotor tone
38
vasomotor tone describes
a state of moderate constriction that varies from organ to organ
39
baroreflexes are
negative feedback responses to changes in blood pressure that get detected by receptors in aorta and carotid arteries
40
increase in blood pressure stimulates
baroreflexes, to send signals to vasomotor center to reduce vasomotor tone and cause vasodilation
41
decrease in blood pressure promotes
vasoconstriction
42
baroreflexes correct momentary drops in
blood pressure
43
chemoreflexes are
autonomic responses to changes in pH, oxygen concentration, or carbon dioxide concentration defected by aortic bodies and/or carotid bodies
44
acidosis, hypoxia, or hypercapnia stimulate
chemoreceptors to cause widespread vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure
45
hormones influence
blood pressure
46
angiotensin II is a
vasoconstrictor that raises blood pressure when kidney perfusion is inadequate
47
angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) can be
blocked by drugs to reduce angiotensin II levels, which reduces BP
48
aldosterone promotes
the retention of sodium ions, which promotes water retention and raises BP
49
antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) is a
vasoconstrictor released from posterior lobe of pituitary gland, which causes kidneys to conserve water and raise BP
50
epinephrine and norepinephrine are
vasoconstrictors that raise BP | -they bind to adrenergic receptors on smooth muscle to stimulate contractions
51
capillary exchange describes
the movement of substances into and out of capillaries
52
diffusion is
an important exchange mechanism used to move glucose and oxygen between the blood and tissues and to move wastes and carbon dioxide between the tissues and blood
53
transcytosis occurs when
endothelial cells transport fluid-filled vesicles that contain albumin, fatty acids, or insulin across capillaries
54
bulk flow is a
passive process by which dissolved substances move from blood into the interstitial fluid by filtration, and from the interstitial fluid into the blood by reabsorption
55
filtration results from
blood hydrostatic pressure and interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
56
blood hydrostatic pressure (BHP) is generated by
the hearts pumping action - is higher at arterial end of capillary bed than at venous end - because of solutes present in interstitial fluid
57
interstitial fluid osmotic pressure (IFOP)
draws water out of the capillaries
58
reabsorption results from
colloid osmotic pressure and interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
59
blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)
draws water into capillaries
60
interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (IFHP)
is negligible
61
net filtration pressure
NFP= (BHP + IFOP) - (BCOP + IFHP)
62
BHHP is higher at
arterial end of capillary bed | ????????????????????????
63
BCOP is higher at
the venous end of capillary bed | -there is net inward pressure and fluid moves into capillary from interstitial space
64
about 85% of the 20 liters of fluid filtered out of the capillaries each day gets
reabsorbed into blood
65
remaining fluid gets absorbed by the
lymphatic system to prevent fluid from accumulating in tissues, which is then returned to blood
66
there is a pressure gradient from the venules to the vena cavae that favors
blood flow back to the right atrium, even though blood pressure remains steady at 15 mm Hg and changes very little during the cardiac cycle
67
gradient will increase when blood volume
increases or when veins dilate
68
gradient will decrease when veins constrict
or if pressure increases in right atrium due to leaky tricuspid valve
69
skeletal muscle "pumps" in limbs
squeeze blood out of veins toward the heart
70
at rest, both valves in a venous segment are
open and blood flows toward heart
71
muscle contraction compresses the vein which
forces blood through proximal valve
72
muscle relaxation causes the proximal valve to
close and blood enters venous segment through open distal valve
73
a thoracic (respiratory) pump
aids in blood flow toward the heart because differences in pressure during inhalation and exhalation "squeeze" in the inferior cava
74
physical activity increases
venous return because the heart beats faster and harder, blood vessels dilate, muscle contractions increase, and respiratory rate and depth increases

314 Exam 2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions