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D&E Physiology > The Pituitary Gland > Flashcards

The Pituitary Gland Flashcards

1
Q

How is the pituitary gland connected to the hypothalamus?

A

Infundibulum

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2
Q

What makes the pituitary gland neuroendocrine?

A

Neuro - posterior

Endocrine - Anterior

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3
Q

What are tropic hormones?

A

Hormones which govern the release of another hormone (from anterior pituitary)

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4
Q

All hormones secreted by the hypothalamus are what?

A

Neurohormones

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5
Q

What are non-tropic hormones?

A

Neurohormones produced in the hypothalamus and travel to posterior pituitary (via axons of hypothalamic neurons) where they are released into blood.

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6
Q

Non-tropic hormones travel via what?

A

Axons of the hypothalamic neurons

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7
Q

What are the 5 anterior pituitary axis releasing hormones released by the hypothalamus?

A 
Thyrotropin RH
Corticotropin RH
Growth Hormone RH
Gonadotropin RH
Prolactin RH
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8
Q

What are the 2 anterior pituitary axis inhibiting hormones released by the hypothalamus?

A

Growth hormone inhibiting hormone (Somatostatin)

Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone (Dopamine)

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9
Q

Which tropic hormone is the odd one out? Why?

A

All are peptide hormones except dopAMINE

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10
Q

How do trophic hormones reach the anterior pituitary from the hypothalamus?

A

Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

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11
Q

Trophic hormones are released from the hypothalamus at which point?

A

Median eminence

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12
Q

What is the alternate name for the pituitary gland?

A

Hypophysis

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13
Q

All the hormones released by the pituitary gland are what?

A

PEPTIDES

5 are tropic - all but prolactin

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14
Q

What are the anterior pituitary hormones?

A 
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Luteinising Hormone
Growth hormone
Prolactin
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15
Q

What is the function of prolactin?

A

Directly stimulate milk production during lactation

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16
Q

Growth Hormone targets what?

A

Musculoskeletal system

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17
Q

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone targets what?

A

Thyroid gland

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18
Q

Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone targets what?

A

Adrenal glands

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19
Q

What make up the gonadotropins?

A

Luteinising Hormone

Follicle stimulating Hormone?

20
Q

Gonadotropins target what?

A

Gonads

21
Q

What is the effect of thyroid stimulating hormone?

A

Release of Thyroid Hormone from the thyroid

22
Q

What is the effect of ACTH?

A

Cortisol release from the adrenal cortex (tropic)

23
Q

What is the effect of GH release?

A 
Liver releases IGF-1 (tropic)
Tissue metabolism (direct)
24
Q

What is the effect of FSH & LH?

A

Sex hormone release (tropic)

Regulation of reproductive function (direct)

25
Q

Anterior pituitary feedback control involves which integration centres?

A

Hypothalamus
Anterior pituitary
Target endocrine cell

26
Q

What is long-loop feedback?

A

Feedback from the endocrine target

27
Q

What is short-loop feedback?

A

Feedback from the anterior pituitary to the hypothalamus (trophic hormone)

28
Q

The posterior pituitary stores and releases what?

A

Neurohormones:
Vasopressin (ADH)
Oxytocin

29
Q

Where are the neurohormones produced?

A

Magnocellular neurons in the hypothalamus

Different subsets for each

30
Q

Axons from the posterior pituitary synapse with what?

A

Directly onto the capillaries in the posterior pituitary

31
Q

Oxytocin and Vasopressin behave like what?

A

Peptide hormones

32
Q

What is the function of vasopressin?

A

Regulate water balance

33
Q

What is the function of oxytocin?

A

Milk ejection

uterine contraction

34
Q

vasopressin release is triggered by what?

A

Increased plasma osmolarity

Decreased plasma volume

35
Q

Oxytocin release is triggered by what?

A

Labour (babys head vs cervix)

Suckling

36
Q

What is the site/mode of action of vasopressin?

A

Kidney collecting ducts -> Increase water reabsorption

Vascular smooth muscle -> Increase blood pressure

37
Q

What is the site/mode of action of oxytocin?

A

Milk duct small muscle -> Contract muscle - eject milk

Uterine smooth muscle -> Child birth

38
Q

What is hyposecretion?

A

Too little hormone secreted

39
Q

What is hypersecretion?

A

Too much hormone secreted

40
Q

What are 1° endocrine disorders?

A

Defect in the cells that secrete the hormones

41
Q

What are 2° endocrine disorders?

A

Those in which there is too little or too much trophic hormone from pituitary

42
Q

What are 3° endocrine disorders?

A

Relate to hypothalamic defects

43
Q

What is hyporesponsiveness?

A

Reduce response of the target cell

44
Q

What is hyperresponsiveness?

A

Increased response of the target cell

45
Q

Hyporesponsiveness relates to what?

A

Alterations in receptor for hormone, disordered post-receptor events or failure of hormone activation

46
Q

Hyperresponsiveness relates to what?

A

Often due to permissive effects

D&E Physiology (10 decks)

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