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Anatomy Midterm 2 > The PNS > Flashcards

The PNS Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

The Somatic Nervous System

A
  • supplies somatic (body wall) structures - skin, muscle, bone, parietal membranes
  • motor (skeletal muscle - voluntary control) (exception = reflex arc)
  • sensory - pain (direct, sharp, focussed and well-localized), temperature, touch, proprioception
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2
Q

The Autonomic Nervous System

A
  • supplies viscera (internal organs) - glands, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, visceral membranes (involuntary control)
  • motor (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
  • sensory - visceral afferents = pain (stretch or ischemia, indirect or referred, usually referred to the dermatomes
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3
Q

Spinal Nerves

A 
emerge from the spinal cord (superior to respective vertebrae in cervical region, inferior to vertebrae in thoracic - coccygeal regions)
31 pairs:
- 8 cervical
- 12 thoracic
- 5 lumbar
- 5 sacral
- 1 coccygeal
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4
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

emerge from the area of the brain stem

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5
Q

General Afferents

A

Somatic Afferents (GSA) & Visceral Afferents (GVA)

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6
Q

Somatic Afferents (GSA)

A

pain, temperature, touch, proprioception (PTTP) from body wall

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7
Q

Visceral Afferents (GVA)

A

pain, distension, chemical from visceral structures

  • sensory info input = dorsal root –> dorsal horn
  • info returns to same region that it was initiated (ie. T1-T5)
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8
Q

General Efferents

A

Somatic Efferents (GSE) & Visceral Efferents (GVE)

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9
Q

Somatic Efferents (GSE)

A

motor neurons in ventral horn projecting to skeletal muscles

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10
Q

Visceral Efferents (GVE)

A

autonomic fibres innervating smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

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11
Q

Intermediate Zone (Autonomic)

A

AKA Lateral Horn - pertuberance of spinal cord

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12
Q

Ventral Primary Ramus

A

anterior branch of spinal nerve (PNS), travels along rib

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13
Q

Dorsal Primary Ramus

A

posterior branch of spinal nerve (PNS), passes through & innervates musculature

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14
Q

Dorsal Horn

A

sensory input

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15
Q

Ventral Horn

A

motor output

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16
Q

Anterior Cutaneous Branch

A

spinal nerve branch (skin innervation)

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17
Q

Lateral Cutaneous Branch

A

spinal nerve branch (skin innervation)

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18
Q

Posterior Cutaneous Branch

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A

spinal nerve branch (skin innervation)

19
Q

Intervertebral Foramen

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A

window between vertebrae that spinal nerve innervates - follows rib around the body

20
Q

Epineurium

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A

coating around the entire spinal nerve

21
Q

Perineurium

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A

coating around the individual fascicles of a spinal nerve - each fascicle responsible for particular type of info

22
Q

Endoneurium

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A

coating around the individual axons of a spinal nerve

23
Q

Reflex Arc

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A

a strong enough pain signal coming from receptor is able to bypass brain by collateral of secondary motor neuron - still processed by brain but not required for movement
Step 1 - arrival of stimulus and activation of receptor
Step 2 - activation of a sensory neuron
Step 3 - information processing in CNS
Step 4 - activation of a motor neuron
Step 5 - response by effector

24
Q

Dermatomes

Study These Flashcards
A

each strip of skin corresponds to a specific spinal nerve

- nerves grow longer to maintain the original point of contact despite growth of the body

25
Somatic Nerve Plexuses
Plexus = network of nerve - Brachial Plexus - Lumbar Plexus - Lumbosacral Plexus
26
Brachial Plexus
``` innervates upper extremity C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1 Creates 5 main nerves: 1. Axillary 2. Median 3. Musculocutaneous 4. Radial 5. Ulnar ```
27
Lumbar Plexus
``` innervates lower anterior abdominal wall, medial and anterior thigh, inguinal region L1, L2, L3, L4 Creates 6 main nerves: 1. Iliohpogastric 2. Ilioinguinal 3. Genitofemoral 4. Lateral Femoral Cutaneous 5. Femoral 6. Obturator ```
28
Lumbosacral Plexus
``` innervates gluteal region, lower extremity, perineal region and genitals L4, L5, S1, S2, S3 Creates 6 main nerves: 1. Tibial 2. Common Peroneal 3. Superior Gluteal 4. Inferior Gluteal 5. Pudendal 6. Posterior Femoral Cutaneous ```
29
Autonomic Motor Nerves
Sympathetic - Thoracolumbar - T1-L2 | Parasympathetic - Craniosacral - CN III, VII, IX, S2, S3, S4
30
Somatic Motor System
one axon emerges from CNS --> effector site | "common final pathway"
31
Autonomic Motor System
"2 neuron system" 1. Preganglionic Fibre (from CNS --> autonomic ganglion) 2. Postganglionic Fibre (from ganglion to the effector site)
32
Sympathetic Nervous System
short preganglionic, long postganglionic - form sympathetic chain ganglia to pass info to regions not normally mediated by T1 - L2 - ganglion relatively close to spinal cord - splanchnic nerves
33
Parasympathetic Nervous System
long preganglionic, short postganglionic | - no skin supply
34
Sympathetic Actions
- pupil dilation - trachea and bronchiole dilation - salivary glands secrete thick, viscid fluid - increased heart rate and contractility - contraction of anal sphincter - decreased gastrointestinal motility and tone, contract sphincter - stimulation of ejaculation, uterus relaxes - skeletal muscles dilate, viscera constrict
35
Parasympathetic Actions
- pupils constrict, accommodation reflex - trachea and bronchioles constrict, increased secretion - tears stimulation (lacrimal glands) - salivary glands secrete water (copious) - relaxation of anal sphincter - decreased heart rate and contractility - increased gastrointestinal motility and tone - erection (both sexes)
36
Sympathetic Chain
motor info output ventral horn --> spinal nerve --> white ramus communicans --> a. supradiaphragmic organs = ganglion (T1-T5) b. infradiaphragmic organs = splanchnic nerve c. sympathetic trunk (moves info to all spinal nerves) d. Gray ramus communicans (-->peripheral)
37
Splanchnic Nerve
innervates organs below the diaphragm, synapses along a major artery/blood vessel - postganglionic nerve then follows along blood vessel to destination (organ)
38
White Ramus Communicans
white communicating branch where sympathetic spinal nerve branches off to the sympathetic chain white because myelinated
39
Gray Ramus Communicans
where sympathetic postganglionic nerve from sympathetic chain rejoins spinal nerve gray because not as myelinated as white ramus communicans
40
Autonomic Motor Command Centre
Hypothalamus | - not under conscious control
41
Greater Splanchnic Nerve
T5-T9
42
Lesser Splanchnic Nerve
T10-T11
43
Sensory Homunculus
interpretation according to which spinal nerve input is coming from - correspons to general (autonomic) pain

Anatomy Midterm 2 (7 decks)

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