The Realist Period

Question 1

Realism was a movement that overlapped chronologically and, in some ways, thematically with the _____ Period.

Answer 1

Romantic

Question 2

Realism concerned itself with solving real-life problems that were largely the result of rapid _____.

Answer 2

industrialization

Question 3

Realism became popular just as _____ was introduced as a new source of visual images.

Answer 3

photography

Question 4

Realists stuck to their goal of representing the hard facts of life by highlighting _____.

Answer 4

the individual

Question 5

_____ _____ is the philosophical view that nothing exists but the physical reality that one can see through the natural sciences

Answer 5

Scientific materialism

Question 6

Materialists don’t accept _____ or belief in the unseen.

Answer 6

religious faith

Question 7

The Industrial Revolution took place in _____.

Answer 7

1848

Question 8

While the _____ perception of individuality highlighted the passion of emotions and the importance of the subjective experience, in _____, artists sought to portray individual lives and interactions accurately.

Answer 8

Romantic, Realism

Question 9

The Realist focus on individualism connects the themes of _____ observation and class consciousness.

Answer 9

empirical

Question 10

The tension between the idealism of the past, the harsh new realities of the present, and the insecurity of the future helped shape a particular sensibility during the Realist Period that is characterized by both optimism and anxiety. This was called the Age of _____.

Answer 10

Doubt

Question 11

The Industrial Revolution—the transition in many countries from a/an _____ economy to one dominated by machine manufacturing—produced considerable wealth and power for Western nations.

Answer 11

agricultural

Question 12

Honoré _____’s painting _____ (c. 1862) is an entirely non-idealized depiction of the lower class women on a crowded railway car.

Answer 12

Daumier, The Third-Class Carriage

Question 13

_____ believed that material and social elements determined human conduct.

Answer 13

Naturalists

Question 14

John Stuart _____ (1806-1873) argued that the proper course of political action is the one that promotes the greatest happiness for _____.

Answer 14

Mill, the greatest number of people

Question 15

In 1859, John Stuart _____ published his classic philosophical work _____, which remains the basis for much of liberal political thought.

Answer 15

Mill, On Liberty

Question 16

John Stuart Mill’s political writings focused particularly on the rights of _____. Mill championed two rights especially: the right to a/an _____ and the right to _____.

Answer 16

women, education, vote

Question 17

_____’s essay “_____” asserted that the unequal treatment of women prevents a society from reaping the benefits of a half of its population.

Answer 17

Mill, The Subjection of Women

Question 18

Karl Marx’s _____ (1848) reflected the growing tension between the workers (_____) and the owners of factories (_____).

Answer 18

Communist Manifesto, proletariat, bourgeoisie

Question 19

Marx envisioned an equal society based not on _____ but rather on _____, where all wealth was shared communally.

Answer 19

capitalism, socialism

Question 20

Realism in literature reflected “_____” during changing times.

Answer 20

real life

Question 21

Realist authors sought to describe life and human behavior as they were, without _____.

Answer 21

idealization

Question 22

A common element of the writing during this period was social commentary on the new concerns of the time, such as the struggle of the working class and the societal elevation of the middle class.

Answer 22

Realist Period

Question 23

_____ found literary success through his La Comédie humaine (The Human Comedy)

Answer 23

Balzac

Question 24

In his epic novel War and Peace, Leo _____ examined the Napoleonic invasion of _____ in 1812 through the eyes of five aristocratic families.

Answer 24

Tolstoy, Russia

Question 25

Kate _____ (1850-1904) was an American realist author, well-known for her short stories and novels that explored feminist themes

Answer 25

Chopin

Question 26

Realist plays were often referred to as “_____” since they focused on social concerns and conflicts.

Answer 26

problem plays

Question 27

Norwegian playwright Henrik _____ was one of the most influential figures in Realist drama.

Answer 27

Ibsen

Question 28

Ibsen’s _____ dealt with feminist subject matter that was considered very controversial—even shocking—in its time.

Answer 28

A Doll’s House

Question 29

Realist plays tended to rely on soliloquies and asides to give the audience insight into what characters are thinking. True or False?

Answer 29

False. Soliloquies were common in drama prior to the Realist Period. Realist plays used real everyday language, conversation, and cadence to reveal true feelings of characters.

Question 30

The 18__ Revolution in Paris, which overthrew _____, led to a wave of revolutions across Europe, setting the political backdrop for Realism.

Answer 30

1848, the Monarchy

Question 31

The Realists of the 19th century rejected any idealization (or alterations) of the subjects before them—and the subject had to be one that the painter could actually _____.

Answer 31

see

Question 32

French painter Rosa _____ (1822–1899) was one of the most successful female artists of the 19th century, known for her incredibly accurate portrayals of her subjects. She made her reputation painting _____.

Answer 32

Bonheur, animals

Question 33

In 1839, _____ first invented the _____—a unique, detailed photographic image on a highly polished silver-plated sheet of copper.

Answer 33

Daguerre, daguerreotype

Question 34

The American Civil War (1861–1865) was documented on _____ negatives and then printed in the thousands.

Answer 34

glass

Question 35

Édouard _____’s experimentation with painting styles, color, and brushwork served as the first break from Realism to _____. In addition to representing the accurate appearance of the world, he aimed to represent color and light true to _____.

Answer 35

Manet, Impressionism, how the eye perceives them

Question 36

Impressionism took its name from _____’s Impression, Sunrise

Answer 36

Claude Monet

Question 37

Impressionists tried to capture their _____ reaction to whatever they observed at a given moment; they painted _____ subjects and landscapes ; they used light and color, often vividly; and they _____ their compositions, leaving out detail.

Answer 37

initial, current, simplified

Question 38

The innovation of _____ allowed Impressionist artists to paint outside the studio, capturing the changes in natural light and its impact on the landscape.

Answer 38

storing paint in tubes

Question 39

Pierre-Auguste _____ (1841–1919) used the innovations of impressionism to capture the celebratory activities and diversions of urban Parisian life.

Answer 39

Renoir

Question 40

Dance at the Moulin de la Galette by _____ (1876) is famed for the way it captures light and movement. The partygoers are dappled with sun filtering through trees, affected by interspersing patches of lighter colors on the subjects.

Answer 40

Renoir

Question 41

Paul _____ (1839–1906) provided a link between the art of the 19th century and that of the 20th. He began his career as an Impressionist and later as a “formalist” Post-Impressionist painter.

Answer 41

Cézanne

Question 42

Influenced by Japanese prints, _____ painted landscapes, still lifes, and portraits in a style that featured flat, bright colors, sinuous lines and short choppy brushstrokes.

Answer 42

van Gogh

Question 43

An international style of art, architecture, and design that emerged in the late 19th century, _____ favored sinuous lines, curves, and organic motifs, such as plants and flowers.

Answer 43

Art Nouveau

Question 44

Many Art Nouveau artists were influenced by _____, which featured floral motifs and “whiplash curves” (a connected series of reverse curves of more or less elliptical form).

Answer 44

Japanese woodblock prints

Question 45

American architect Louis _____ (1856–1924) was considered the “father of the modern skyscraper.”

Answer 45

Sullivan

Question 46

Impressionist, Post-Impressionist, and Art Nouveau artists looked to the art of _____ for inspiration.

Answer 46

Japan

Question 47

Beginning in the late 1600s, Japan saw the emergence of _____ painting and began perfecting the craft. By the late 19th century, artists across Europe were incorporating elements of the Japanese _____ prints into their own creations.

Answer 47

woodblock, woodblock

Question 48

Marxism also lives on in the four remaining communist countries—_____, _____, _____, and _____—in theory, even though in practice these societies fall far short of the egalitarian ideal and have introduced elements of market-based capitalism in order to feed their people.

Answer 48

China, Cuba, Laos, North Korea

Question 49

_____ begins with the premise that certain behavioral traits are both inherited and honed by natural selection, as a result of the species’ adaptation.

Answer 49

Sociobiology

Question 50

The theory that individuals, groups, and communities are subject to the same principle of natural selection as plants and animals.

Answer 50

Social Darwinism