The Classical Period

Question 1

Classical artists and philosophers were concerned with harmony and balance in their work, which was called _____.

Answer 1

Classicism

Question 2

During the classical period, At the core of almost every endeavor was _____ —simply a focus on _____.

Answer 2

humanism/humans

Question 3

A life-like stance of a man putting his weight on one foot, with the dip of a shoulder balancing the rise of a hip to create a dynamic pose.

Answer 3

contrapposto (statue is called kouros)

Question 4

In ancient Greece, the first democracy was founded in the city-state of _____.

Answer 4

Athens

Question 5

During the _____ Age (800-479 BCE) in Greece, important political structures and the beginnings of democracy* emerged.

Answer 5

Archaic Age

Question 6

The early government of Rome consisted of _____.

Answer 6

Kings

Question 7

Aristotle valued balance in his development of the _____ _____, which stressed that personal balance could only be achieved by finding the desirable middle between two extremes.

Answer 7

Golden Mean

Question 8

The first budding of ancient Greek culture and religion can be traced back to the Greek Minoan civilization of _____.

Answer 8

Crete

Question 9

_____ religion was unique in its day for believing the gods to be humanoid. In addition to looking like humans, the gods acted like humans and took an active interest in human affairs by favoring some humans over others. Despite their similarity to humans, it was not the gods that created mankind; it was the titan, _____.

Answer 9

Greek, Prometheus

Question 10

The _____ civilization* (1600-1100 BCE) conquered Crete around 1420 BCE.

Answer 10

Mycenaean

Question 11

The _____ consisted of twelve primary gods—including Zeus, Hera, and Poseidon—and thousands of minor gods added over time from the various cultures with whom the Greeks came into contact.

Answer 11

pantheon

Question 12

_____ mythology: In addition to the gods, there were the titans, an older race of deities; the heroes, semi-divine humans; and other supernatural races like the nymphs and cyclopes.

Answer 12

Greek

Question 13

_____ gods were commonly _____ mythological figures whose names had been adapted into Latin, such as _____ (Zeus), _____ (Hera), and _____ (Athena).

Answer 13

Roman, Greek, Jupiter, Juno, Minerva

Question 14

Regarding the gods: The _____ told fanciful stories based on the whims and characters of the gods, and the _____ instead focused on the gods’ purpose in society.

Answer 14

Greeks, Romans

Question 15

The _____ had deeply intertwined religion and government by not only deifying their emperor but also attributing the success of any city-state to that region’s piety.

Answer 15

Romans

Question 16

Plato was a student and friend of Socrates. Three important components to Plato’s philosophy are his theories of _____, _____ philosophy, and _____ philosophy.

Answer 16

Knowledge, moral, political

Question 17

Aristotle was a pupil of Plato’s, though he did not agree with all of his teachings. While Plato used a deductive logic to find “truth”, Aristotle’s approach was largely _____.

Answer 17

observational

Question 18

Pre-Socratic philosophers did inestimable work toward the advancement of philosophy, which they anchored in investigations of _____ and _____ rather than _____.

Answer 18

reason and truth, mythology

Question 19

Plato’s theory of knowledge is best embodied by his _____.

Answer 19

Allegory of the Cave

Question 20

Plato’s moral philosophy was based on the emphasis of the Four _____: Temperance, Courage, Reason, and _____.

Answer 20

Virtues, justice

Question 21

_____ held that the ideal state would be divided into three social classes—_____, guardians, and rulers—and ruled morally by a _____-king. Each social class would be limited in a way that would discourage them from prioritizing other desires and needs over their function.

Answer 21

Plato, merchants, philosopher

Question 22

The most famous of Plato’s philosophical dialogues, authored in 4th century BCE Greece.

Answer 22

The Republic

Question 23

The Republic describes the ideal person as one who thinks analytically and acts according to _____.

Answer 23

what is right

Question 24

Plato uses the character of _____ to argue that pursuing justice is worthwhile, even when such a pursuit doesn’t offer immediate benefits.

Answer 24

Socrates

Question 25

Classical poets addressed themes of heroism, reason, _____, and _____.

Answer 25

love, fate

Question 26

Two of the most celebrated works of classical Greek epic poetry are Homer’s _____ and _____, which use exalted language and celebrate the cultural values of the _____ age.

Answer 26

The Iliad, The Odyssey, heroic

Question 27

Around the 6th century BCE, Greek epic poetry gave way to Greek _____ poetry, which explored everyday objects using more _____ language.

Answer 27

lyric, intimate

Question 28

Classical Roman poetry follows much of the form and content of Greek poetry while exalting _____.

Answer 28

the Roman Empire

Question 29

The Greek poet _____ explored such human emotions as love and desire in her poem “A Lament for Adonis.”

Answer 29

Sappho

Question 30

Classic plays were quite formulaic in structure. Genres included tragedy, comedy, and _____.

Answer 30

tragicomedy

Question 31

The Satyr play was a form of comedy that included immorality and _____.

Answer 31

the gods

Question 32

Sophocles and _____ were two notable playwrights. Sophocles wrote the _____ Plays, and Aristophanes commonly explored _____ in society.

Answer 32

Aristophanes, Theban, gender

Question 33

_____ was the first of the Theban Plays

Answer 33

Oedipus Rex

Question 34

The play _____ (by Aristophanes) discusses gender relations and the woman’s role in society using comedy and double entendre.

Answer 34

Lysistrata

Question 35

Theater performances originally began in approximately 1200 BCE as religious rites honoring _____, the god of wine and fertility.

Answer 35

Dionysius

Question 36

Modern theater has its origins in _____

Answer 36

ancient Greece

Question 37

In original Greek theatre, actors were exclusively _____ and wore different _____ during the performance to depict their identities

Answer 37

male, masks

Question 38

Ancient _____ art and architecture served to promote religion, present beauty, and glorify Athenian society.

Answer 38

Greek

Question 39

Ancient _____ art and architecture focused on themes of power, military victory, and heroism.

Answer 39

Roman

Question 40

In architecture, perhaps the most notable ancient Greek structure is _____, which features _____.

Answer 40

the Parthenon, Doric order columns

Question 41

Roman architects and engineers further developed the use of columns and _____ and also pioneered the use of _____.

Answer 41

arches, concrete

Question 42

The _____ in Rome showcases the use of _____ faced with brick.

Answer 42

Pantheon, concrete

Question 43

Ancient _____ art is best known for its elevation of the human form

Answer 43

Greek

Question 44

_____ art focuses on imperial themes of power, military victory, and heroism and was used to decorate public spaces.

Answer 44

Roman

Question 45

The _____ was a set of rules for creating perfect proportionality in the human figure and made Polykleitos famous throughout the ancient world.

Answer 45

Canon

Question 46

The Parthenon is a _____ and _____ structure with several columns lining the exterior of the building on all sides.

Answer 46

post and lintel

Question 47

Classical _____ architects and engineers developed the use of _____ and _____ which allowed them to design much larger buildings than the _____.

Answer 47

Roman, columns and arches, Greeks

Question 48

Music in the Classical Period typically consisted of simple four note successions played as a _____, drawing similarities to the _____ tradition of music.

Answer 48

perfect fourth, Middle Eastern

Question 49

The Greeks were interested in the relationship between music and _____.

Answer 49

mathematics

Question 50

Although it has, unfortunately, not survived in its complete form, the “_____” is the earliest surviving fragment of notated music from anywhere in the Western world.

Answer 50

First Delphic Hymn to Apollo

Question 51

The Greeks borrowed the proportions of the three-dimensional free-standing sculptures of the ancient _____ in developing the life-like male, human figure known as the _____.

Answer 51

Egyptians, kouros

Question 52

The Greeks borrowed the alphabet of the _____

Answer 52

Phoenicians

Question 53

The Silk Road provided access to Asia and brought the valuable Chinese good of _____ to the Romans. In return, the Romans sent their _____ to the east.

Answer 53

silk, glass

Question 54

An Athenian nobleman named _____ revised the ancient Athenian constitution and introduced a series of political reforms that he called “demokratia” or “rule by the people.”

Answer 54

Cleisthenes

Question 55

The study of the creative and intellectual contributions of all human cultures.

Answer 55

Humanism

Question 56

A hypothetical ruler, or Guardian, of Plato’s ideal city-state.

Answer 56

Philosopher king

Question 57

The triangular upper part of the front of a building in the classical style.

Answer 57

Pediment

Question 58

Greek word for excessive pride, presumption or arrogance (originally toward the gods).

Answer 58

Hubris

Question 59

A broad horizontal band of sculpted or painted decoration, usually on a wall near the ceiling.

Answer 59

Frieze

Question 60

The simplest of the classical Greek architectural styles, featuring unadorned columns with no base.

Answer 60

Doric order

Question 61

The horizontal layers of material of a building that are supported by columns or walls.

Answer 61

Entablature

Question 62

The process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions through experiencing tragedy; one of Aristotle’s concepts.

Answer 62

Catharsis

Question 63

Aristotle’s term for the desirable middle between two extremes, between excess and inadequacy.

Answer 63

Golden mean

Question 64

Government where supreme power rests in the body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by representatives chosen directly or indirectly.

Answer 64

Republic

Question 65

The top part of a column between the shaft of the column and the entablature.

Answer 65

Capital

Question 66

Plato’s concept that there are ideal essences of objects or things.

Answer 66

The Forms

Question 67

Goddesses of inspiration for literature, art, and science.

Answer 67

Muses

Question 68

Government of direct rule by the people, a form developed by the Greeks.

Answer 68

Democracy

Question 69

A synonym for Greek.

Answer 69

Hellenic

Question 70

Western Civilization traces its origins to classical Greece and Rome, a period that lasted approximately from _____ to _____.

Answer 70

500 BCE to 500 CE