The Red Eye Flashcards

Question

What is a ciliary flush

Answer 1

Hue at limbus (junction between cornea and sclera) | Signifies dilation of vessels

Answer 2

Pressure in eye Cornea Posterior section NO HALO - would suggest raised IOP

Answer 3

Urgent opthamology | Slit lamp

Answer 4

Leakage of cells into AH - Hypopyon - Plasma - WBC

Answer 5

Steroid eye drop + mydriatic eye drop to relieve pain as dilates = 1st line Systemic steroid if recurrent Immunosuppression

Answer 6

Bacterial infection so treat that

Answer 7

Inflammation of choroid

Answer 8

Frequent spread to retina causing blurred vision / visual loss

Answer 9

Inflammation of sclera of the eye

Answer 10

Autoimmune / inflammation - RA - SLE - Vasculitis Local due to corneal ulceration / trauma

Answer 11

S.pneumonia Pseudomona VZV

Answer 12

``` Diffuse redness Severe boring pain Photophobia Lacrimation No discharge Similar to uveitis but no involvement of papillary / anterior chamber ```

Answer 13

NSAID Systemic steroid if severe Immunosuppression

Answer 14

Inflammation of space between sclera and conjunctiva

Answer 15

``` Red eye Not painful or mild discomforty Mild photophobia Watery discharge Normal vision ```

Answer 16

Give phenylephrine which blanches conjunctival and episclera vessel NOT sclera vessel If redness improves = episcleritis

Answer 17

Conservative Artifical tears Topical NSAID / steroid

Answer 18

Bacterial Viral - Adenovirus Allergic

Answer 19

S.aureus S.pyogenes S.pneumonia Haemophilus

Answer 20

``` Diffuse redness BLANCH on pressure Gritty eye Itch Often bilateral Conjunctival vessel injected Mobile over sclera ```

Answer 21

``` Vision Iris Pupil Cornea (no staining or defect in epithelium) Pressure NO pain ```

Answer 22

Yellow discharge Eyes stuck together Usually begins in one eye and spreads

Answer 23

Watery / serous discharge Hx URTI Tends to be bilateral Lymphocytes on scrape

Answer 24

Mucous discharge Often with hayfever PROMINENT ITCH

Answer 25

ALWAYS IF NEONATE due to risk of C+G If suspect C+G If not responding

Answer 26

``` Chloramphenicol Ax eye drop if likely bacterial Topical fusidic if pregannt Anti-histamine if allergic Lubricant for symptomatic Avoid contact lenses Good hygiene Can use steroids under expert ```

Answer 27

``` C = erythromycin G = ceftriaxone ```

Answer 28

Haemorrhage into the space between conjunctiva and sclera

Answer 29

``` Increased IOP precipitated cough / vomit / sneeze High BP Bleeding disorder Trauma Leptospirosis Haemorrhagic fever Snake venom ```

Answer 30

Bright red sclera with white rim around

Answer 31

Should resolve spontaneously Check BP in elderly Check clotting if suspect disorder

Answer 32

Inflammation of cornea including corneal ulcer

Answer 33

``` Idiopathic Trauma Contact lenses Foreign body Degeneration Corneal dystrophy Steroid eye drop increase risk of fungal infection HSV keratitis Bacterial / fungal ```

Answer 34

``` Contact lense use Corneal abrasion Keratoconjunctivitis sicca Immunocompromised Ectropion Entropion ```

Answer 35

``` Red eye Severe pain on closure of eye Photophobia Discharge can occur Loss of vision ```

Answer 36

Refer opthamology | Evert lid to look for FB

Answer 37

Fluroscein angiography - Shows corneal opacity / ulcer - May show hypophyon which suggests uveitis

Answer 38

Exclude infection - Corneal scrape and sent gram stain + PCR - Send contact lenses for culture

Answer 39

Fundoscopy | May need ocular USS as corneal haze will blur

Answer 40

Analgesia Lubricant eye drop Ax if infection Bring back after 1 week to check infection has cleared

Answer 41

Ceftriaxone / gent = 1st line | Chloramphenicol / penicillin = 2nd line

Answer 42

Corneal transplant due to stromal scarring

Answer 43

Corneal epithelium lost Scarring if stoma involved = opacification Endothalmitis

Answer 44

Topical steroid as impairs healing

Answer 45

Red painful eye Photophobia Decreased acuity Decreased corneal sensation

Answer 46

Dendritic ulcer

Answer 47

Topical acyclovir

Answer 48

Infection of interior of eye including AH and VH

Answer 49

Intra-ocular surgery e.g. cataract Commonly bacterial Can occur following keratitis

Answer 50

Red painful eye Visual loss Hx surgery

Answer 51

Ax | Vitrectomy

Answer 52

``` Red eye Proptosis Lid retraction Conjunctivitis Horizontal or vertical diplopia ```

Answer 53

Artificial tears Steroid Immunosuppression Surgical decompression

Answer 54

Optic nerve can be damaged due to muscle enlargement

Answer 55

Infection around the eye anterior to orbital septum Includes eyelid, skin and soft tissue NO orbital involvement

Answer 56

S.aureus S.epidermidits Strep

Answer 57

Sinusitis Insert bite Chalazion Children

Answer 58

``` Pain Redness around eye Swelling of lid Discharge Fever Can have ptosis Eye remains white NORMAL vision ```

Answer 59

Bloods Swab of eye Contrast CT if suspect orbital

Answer 60

Refer 2 care | Oral Ax

Answer 61

Shingles if redness dermatomal Allergy Conjunctivitis

Answer 62

``` Cellulitis Sinusitis Sarcoid / SLE / dermatomyositis Cavernous sinus thrombosis Thyroid eye Trauma Lymphoma ```

Answer 63

Inflammation of orbit of eye | MEDICAL EMERGENCY

Answer 64

Sinus infection - maxillary | Dental or haemotagenous spread

Answer 65

``` S.pyogene S.pneumonia S.aureus Hib Fungal if immunocompromised or DM ```

Answer 66

``` Child Previous Sinus Recent peri-orbital Ear or facial infection No Hib vaccine ```

Answer 67

``` Red eye Swelling Discharge Conjunctivitis Double or blurred vision Afferent pupil defect Severe peri-ocular pain Limited movement Exohthamos Proptosis ```

Answer 68

Diplopia due to deviation of eye ball

Answer 69

Bloods Blood culture and swab Vital signs CT with contrast of sinus / brain and orbit to look for complications

Answer 70

``` Central signs Unable to assess vision Gross proptosis Bilateral oedema Deteriorating visual acuity No improvement after 24 hours ```

Answer 71

Admit for urgent ENT / ophthalmology review as may need drainage IV Ax

Answer 72

Reduced acuity Proptosis Pain on movmenet Afferent pupil defect

Answer 73

``` Central retinal vein or artery occlusion Optic neuropathy Raised IOP Meningism Brain abscess Cavernous sinus thrombosis ```

Answer 74

Refer to exclude keratitis

The Red Eye Flashcards

(100 cards)