Flashcards in The Reign of King John Deck (18)
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1. Who were King John’s parents? (2)
Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine
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2. When did John come to the throne? (1)
April 1199
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3. What are three facts about Arthur, Duke of Brittany? (3)
- The designated heir to the throne by his uncle Richard (1190) before Richard changed his mind in 1199 and chose John
- Had a better claim to Normandy and England than John.
- It’s believed that John may have killed Arthur
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4. Which French king joined Arthur to attack John’s castles in Normandy, and when? (2)
Philip II in 1202
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5. Why was Normandy important? (3)
- Prestige and reputation of the king.
- Land belonging to important barons.
- ‘Jewel in the crown’ of English possessions
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6. When was a new Pope selected and what was his name? (2)
1198, Pope Innocent III
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7. What year did John begin to argue with the new Pope? (1)
1205
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8. What argument did John have with the new Pope? (2)
- The pope wanted Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury,
- John favoured John, Bishop of Norwich.
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9. What happened as a result of John’s dispute with Innocent III? (2)
John was excommunicated (1) between 1209-1213 (2)
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10. What did the Pope’s ‘Interdict’ mean and when was it passed? (3)
- No Christian marriages or burials were allowed to take place in England
- Church services were stopped
- Passed in 1208
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11. What were three of John’s strengths? (3)
- He travelled the whole country and judged cases for the royal court himself
- Increased the strength of the navy
- Provided feast days for paupers (the poor)
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12. How did John strengthen the monarchy? (4)
- He collected a new land tax from the knights and the barons.
- He modernised the government and kept good records.
- He increased his control over Ireland and Wales, and built up his forces in northern England.
- The King of Scotland signed a peace treaty with John.
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13. How did John strengthen the navy? (3)
- John built new ships
- Strengthened Portsmouth’s defences
- Established a new port at Liverpool.
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14. Name three reasons the Barons were angry with John. (3)
Any three from:
- He punished churchmen because of his quarrel with Pope Innocent II
- He kept demanding scutage tax (paid by knights)
- He took barons family as hostage so that they would not rebel, e.g. sons of Welsh barons in 1211
- John had favourites like Gerrard d’Athee of France and gave them possessions
- Introduced an inheritance tax, demanding £6000 from one baron
- Lost lands in Normandy
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15. What was Magna Carta and when was it signed? (2)
- Magna Carta (Great Charter) was a set of rules about how the king should treat the freemen of England, - Signed in 1215.
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16. How many clauses were in Magna Carta (1)
63 clauses
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17. Name four of the clauses of Magna Carta (4)
- The king will not interfere with the Church
- The king will not imprison nobles without a trial
- The king will stop unfair taxes
- The king will not ask for extra taxes
- Merchants will be able to travel around the country and buy and sell without having to pay extra taxes
- Trials will be held quickly and fairly
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