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The Renaissance Flashcards

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1
Q

What geographical advantages did Italy have during the Renaissance?

A

Italy was geographically suited to trade due to its Mediterranean ports.

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2
Q

What factors contributed to the rise of the Renaissance in Italy?

A

Factors included:
* Increased trade with Asia and other regions
* Growth of large wealthy city-states
* Renewed interest in classical learning of ancient Greece and Rome
* Rise of rich and powerful merchants

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3
Q

Who were the patrons of art during the Renaissance?

A

Rich and powerful merchants, such as the de Medici family.

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4
Q

What role did the de Medici family play in the Renaissance?

A

They were extremely powerful bankers, the wealthiest family, and produced popes.

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: The ultimate de Medici is _______.

A

posimo de Medici

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6
Q

True or False: The Renaissance was characterized by a decline in classical learning.

A

False

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7
Q

What was a significant economic factor in the growth of Renaissance Italy?

A

The growth of large wealthy city-states.

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8
Q

Who is Martin Luther?

A

A key figure in the Reformation advocating for reforms in the Church

Martin Luther argued that priests should marry and opposed the sale of indulgences.

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9
Q

What is an indulgence?

A

Forgiveness of sin

Indulgences were sold by the Church, which Luther opposed.

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10
Q

What were the main points of the 95 Theses?

A

Salvation through faith, Bible as ultimate guide, all with faith are equal, no sale of indulgences

The 95 Theses challenged the practices of the Catholic Church.

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11
Q

What was the Edict of Worms?

A

Luther is excommunicated and declared a heretic; anyone who helps him is also a heretic

This decree was issued in 1521.

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12
Q

What was the response of the peasants to the Reformation?

A

Peasants Revolt; Luther has them punished and they turn from him

This indicates a shift in support for Luther among the lower classes.

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13
Q

What was the outcome of the Peace of Augsburg?

A

Establishes two separate churches: Catholic and Lutheran

It declared that the religion of the prince would determine the religion of the state.

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14
Q

What does ‘the Great Matter’ refer to?

A

Henry VIII’s request for an annulment

This was denied by the Pope due to political ties with Charles V.

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15
Q

What was the Act of Supremacy?

A

In England, the King is the head of the Church

This act established the Church of England.

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16
Q

What actions did Henry VIII take regarding church lands?

A

Henry seizes church lands

This was part of his break from the Catholic Church.

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17
Q

Who established the Church of England?

A

Queen Elizabeth

She ended Catholic influence in England.

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: The religion of the prince equals the _______.

A

religion of the state

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19
Q

True or False: Some German princes converted to Lutheranism.

A

True

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20
Q

What was the impact of Luther’s teachings on the development of Protestantism?

A

It led to the development of Protestants

Luther’s ideas led to a significant religious movement across Europe.

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21
Q

Who is Martin Luther?

A

A key figure in the Reformation advocating for reforms in the Church

Martin Luther argued that priests should marry and opposed the sale of indulgences.

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22
Q

What is an indulgence?

A

Forgiveness of sin

Indulgences were sold by the Church, which Luther opposed.

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23
Q

What were the main points of the 95 Theses?

A

Salvation through faith, Bible as ultimate guide, all with faith are equal, no sale of indulgences

The 95 Theses challenged the practices of the Catholic Church.

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24
Q

What was the Edict of Worms?

A

Luther is excommunicated and declared a heretic; anyone who helps him is also a heretic

This decree was issued in 1521.

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25
What was the response of the peasants to the Reformation?
Peasants Revolt; Luther has them punished and they turn from him ## Footnote This indicates a shift in support for Luther among the lower classes.
26
What was the outcome of the Peace of Augsburg?
Establishes two separate churches: Catholic and Lutheran ## Footnote It declared that the religion of the prince would determine the religion of the state.
27
What does 'the Great Matter' refer to?
Henry VIII's request for an annulment ## Footnote This was denied by the Pope due to political ties with Charles V.
28
What was the Act of Supremacy?
In England, the King is the head of the Church ## Footnote This act established the Church of England.
29
What actions did Henry VIII take regarding church lands?
Henry seizes church lands ## Footnote This was part of his break from the Catholic Church.
30
Who established the Church of England?
Queen Elizabeth ## Footnote She ended Catholic influence in England.
31
Fill in the blank: The religion of the prince equals the _______.
religion of the state
32
True or False: Some German princes converted to Lutheranism.
True
33
What was the impact of Luther's teachings on the development of Protestantism?
It led to the development of Protestants ## Footnote Luther's ideas led to a significant religious movement across Europe.
34
Who is John Calvin?
A theologian known for his role in the Protestant Reformation
35
What does predestination refer to in Calvinism?
The belief that the Elect are predetermined to be saved
36
How are people viewed in Calvinism regarding their nature?
People are considered sinful by nature
37
What form of government is associated with Calvinism?
Theocracy
38
Which city is most associated with John Calvin's teachings?
Geneva
39
What was a characteristic of Calvinist society in Geneva?
All go to religion class, no bright clothing
40
How was Geneva regarded under Calvin's influence?
As a high moral city
41
What is Calvinism?
A branch of Protestantism based on Calvin's teachings
42
Who was John Knox?
A leader of the Presbyterian movement in Scotland
43
What was the Counter Reformation?
A movement to reform the Catholic Church in response to the Protestant Reformation
44
Who founded the Jesuits?
Ignatius of Loyola
45
What are the Jesuits often referred to as?
The 'navy seals' of the church
46
What was one of the primary goals of the Jesuits?
To recruit Catholics
47
What did the Jesuits aim to stop?
The spread of Protestantism
48
What types of schools did the Jesuits establish?
Schools focused on theology and classics
49
What was the purpose of the Council of Trent?
To address issues and reform the Catholic Church
50
What did the Council of Trent approve?
The Jesuit order
51
According to the Council of Trent, what brings salvation?
Faith and good works
52
Are indulgences valid according to the Council of Trent?
Yes, though they cannot be bought
53
What was the Inquisition used for?
To punish heresy
54
Which Inquisition is noted for its harshness?
The Spanish Inquisition
55
Which groups were particularly targeted by the Spanish Inquisition?
Jews and Muslims
56
What significant document did King John sign in 1215?
Magna Carta (Great Charter) ## Footnote The Magna Carta established the principle of limited royal power and protection of rights.
57
What were the main issues faced by King John of England?
* Lost land to France * Taxed nobility to pay for wars * Fought with Pope Innocent * Rebellion of the Nobles ## Footnote These issues ultimately led to the signing of the Magna Carta.
58
What does the Magna Carta guarantee?
* Protection of rights of nobility * Due process guaranteed * Trial by jury ## Footnote These protections were later extended to commoners.
59
What is the significance of Common Law?
* Past court rulings create precedent * Creates a unified legal system * Rights are a birthright ## Footnote Common Law serves as a guide for future legal decisions.
60
What is the role of Parliament in England?
* Government body of England * Approves taxation * Can dispose a king ## Footnote Parliament evolved from the Great Council and became more representative over time.
61
What are the three estates represented in the Estates General of France?
* 1st - Church * 2nd - Nobles * 3rd - Commoners ## Footnote The Estates General served as an advisory board but could not pass laws or approve taxation.
62
What was the outcome of the 100 Years War?
* England v. France * Joan of Arc played a key role * France regained land controlled by English ## Footnote The war fostered national pride in France and strengthened the monarchy.
63
What does French Nationalism refer to?
Loyalty, devotion, and allegiance to one’s nation ## Footnote This sentiment was enhanced after the 100 Years War.
64
Fill in the blank: The Magna Carta was signed in _______.
1215
65
True or False: The Estates General in France had the authority to pass laws and approve taxation.
False ## Footnote The Estates General could influence decisions but lacked legislative authority.
66
What was the initial purpose of the Parliament in England?
Advisors to the king ## Footnote Over time, Parliament evolved to become more representative and influential.
67
What were the main ideals during the Middle Ages?
Christian Ideals: religious devotion, no worldly pleasures, concerned with afterlife (hell) ## Footnote The focus was primarily on spiritual matters rather than earthly enjoyment.
68
What was the typical role of man in the Middle Ages?
Uneducated, allegiance to lord, mostly peasants ## Footnote This reflects a feudal system where the majority of the population was uneducated and worked the land.
69
What characterized the artwork of the Middle Ages?
Religious devotion, icons, 2 dimensional ## Footnote Art was primarily focused on religious themes and lacked depth in perspective.
70
What is Humanism in the context of the Renaissance?
Emphasis on human potential, lavish homes, exotic foods, concerned with here & now ## Footnote Humanism marked a shift towards valuing human experiences and achievements.
71
What was the role of man during the Renaissance?
Education, charming, poet, good dancer, singer, sportsman… a renaissance man ## Footnote The concept of the 'Renaissance man' reflects the ideal of a well-rounded individual.
72
Name a notable figure associated with the Renaissance.
Leonardo da Vinci ## Footnote He exemplified the Renaissance ideal through his contributions to art, science, and invention.
73
How did art change during the Renaissance?
Shifts towards humanism, 3 dimensional ## Footnote Renaissance art utilized perspective and realism, moving away from the flatness of Medieval art.
74
Who are two prominent authors from the Renaissance?
Shakespeare, Cervantes ## Footnote Shakespeare is known for his plays, while Cervantes is famous for 'Don Quixote'.
75
What is a key idea from Machiavelli?
The end justifies the means, it is better to be feared than loved ## Footnote Machiavelli's ideas focus on pragmatic political leadership.
76
What was the impact of Gutenberg's printing press?
Bible, books readily available, spread of ideas ## Footnote The printing press revolutionized the distribution of knowledge and literature.

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