The Roman Empire

Question 1

Roman Numerals

Answer 1

I = 1, V= 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500, M = 1000

Question 2

Geography

Answer 2

central position in the mediterranean basin
surrounded by seas on 3 sides
surrounded by alpine mountains, reduce invasions
no strong tide, very few good harbours

Question 3

Legionnaire

Answer 3

A Roman soldier was well trained
could march 20 miles a day
wearing armor and carrying equipment
could swim, build bridges, and smash into forts
had to build a camp, with a ditch and a wall of wooden stakes after a long day’s marc

Question 3

Forum

Answer 3

The less official heart of a town
Was a place for making…
business deals
meeting people
settling legal matters
buying and selling
even entertainment like staging plays or gladiator fights

Question 3

Roman Legion

Answer 3

organization and discipline
provided their own equipment
armor and weapons = 20kg
auxiliary equipment = 20 kg
phalanx broken into sections; maniples
each mainple consisted of 2 centuries (century; about 100 men)
Maniples organized into Legions and re-enforced by calvary and lightly armored men

Question 4

Basilica

Answer 4

Was essentially a covered forum and had the same purpose
shops
businesses
legal functions

Question 4

Curia

Answer 4

Leading citizens of the settlement would meet in the curia to discuss important issues

Question 5

Comitium

Answer 5

A place for political activity in Rome (tribal assembly, curiste assembly, etc)

Question 6

Appian Way

Answer 6

travel quickly throughout empire
straight roads to travel at huge speed
expand influence throughout europe
stringed up people along Appian Way
“all roads lead to Rome”

Question 7

Pyrrhic Victory

Answer 7

inflicts devastating toll on the victor
equal to defeat
negates sense of achievement
damages long-term progress

Question 8

Gladiators

Answer 8

prisoners of war
slaves bought for the purpose
criminals condemned to serve in schools

Question 9

Murmillo

Answer 9

gladius (heavy short sword) with scutum (large, heavy wooden shield)
Based on the Roman legionary
“Cassis Crista”, heavy bronze helmet with grilled visor
Wore manica on weapon arm
Additionally wore Orcea’ (shin guards)

Question 10

secutor

Answer 10

A class of gladiator in Ancient Rome

Question 11

Provocator

Answer 11

Armed with a short, straight sword, provocatores most resembled Roman Legionaries. Protected by a rectangular breastplate and a helmet with a feather on either side, only fought each other.

Question 12

Thraex

Answer 12

Based on warriors of Thrace (Bulgaria)
Sica (curved short sword)
parmulata (small, light square shield)
“Galea”, wide brimmed helmet with tall crest called lophos, and ornament of griffin.
Poor visibility: one or two eye slits
Manica on his weapon arm
shin guards, upper leg and groin armour

Question 13

Hoplomachus

Answer 13

a type of gladiator in ancient Rome, armed to resemble a Greek hoplite

Question 14

Retirais

Answer 14

trident
Secondary weapon was a net
no helmet, no shield
manica
shoulder guard know as a Galerus

Question 15

coliseum

Answer 15

Main structural framework and facade are travertine
Secondary walls are volcanic tufa
Inner bowl and the arcade vaults are concrete
amphitheatre seated 50,000 spectators
shielded from sun by massive retractable velarium (awning) (first one)
160 feet high
Emperor and wealthy had special box
Drains, corridors, cages and elevators beneath the floor
witness Bestiarii, or Beast fighters. Public executions. Sea battles.
Lions, bears, exotic animals

Question 16

Dictator (1)

Answer 16

The boss (basically does everything and bosses everybody around)
Six month term

Question 17

Consuls (2)

Answer 17

The chief magistrates that jointly ruled the republic
Elected annually
Commanded the army, oversaw and overruled the senate
Represented Rome in foreign affairs

Question 18

Praetors (8)

Answer 18

Commanded military forces
acted as judges
Served under the authority of the consuls

Question 19

censors (2)

Answer 19

Power was absolute
could only be overruled by another censor
Regulates public morality
Oversees some government finance
“Maintains census”

Question 20

aediles (8)

Answer 20

Responsible for public buildings and events
supplying food to the city

Question 21

quaestors (4)

Answer 21

supervised the state treasury and conducted audits.
mainly administrative and logistical
could expand to encompass military leadership and command

Question 22

tribunes (10)

Answer 22

representative elected by the people
serve the people’s best interests

Question 23

The Senate

Answer 23

head of the government bureaucracy
a law court
emperor held the title of Prineps Sentaus
could appoint new senators
summon and preside over Senate discussions
propose legislation.
300 Senators chosen for life by the Consuls
assigned duties to magistrates
Senatus Populusque Romanus (SPQR)
SPQR → The Senate and People of Rome
state banquets, foreign affairs, declare martial law
287 BCE no longer required the Senate’s approval for bills to become laws

Question 24

Centuriate Assembly ( war )

Answer 24

Only Centuriate Assembly could elect Consuls, Praetors and Censors,
declare war,
ratify the results of a census
power to pass ordinary laws, rarely did so
5th century BCE
mainly used to elect Consuls and praetors
skewed in favour of the wealthy

Question 25

Tribal Assembly

Answer 25

A non-military civilian assembly

Question 26

What Led to the Decline of Rome?

Answer 26

Invasion of Germanic Tribes
Rome was sacked by the Visigoths, a wandering nation of Germanic peoples from the northeast
lead by Alaric they sack Rome in 410 BCE
after they failed to pay for assistance he had provided during a famine
first attacked in 408 AD after Western Roman Emperor murdered the Germanic general, Stilicho
along with family and families of many other Germanic people in the empire

Question 27

Corruption

Answer 27

corruption and bad government lead to
inflation
starvation
disease
excessive taxation
last few centuries of the Roman Empire were presided over by some of the most corrupt and inept emperors in the history of Rome
Commodus (177-192 CE)
Diocletian (284 - 305 CE)
Constantine (306 - 337 CE)
Theodosius (379 - 395 CE)
by 3rd century, army controls who becomes emperor
of 26 emps during this time, 1 died naturally
Emp begins to hire German and Persian mercenaries
military no longer loyal to Rome

Question 28

Division of Empire

Answer 28

Diocletian divides empire in half in 293 BCE (East and West)
Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium (Constantinople)

Question 29

sparatacus

Answer 29

A Thracian gladiator who was the leader in the Gladiatorial War (73–71 BCE) against Rome
led bandit raids, and was caught and sold as a slave
70 fellow gladiators he escaped a gladiatorial training school at Capua in 73
Defeated two Roman forces in succession, the rebels overran most of southern Italy
defeated the two consuls

Question 30

virgil

Answer 30

wrote the Aeneid
epic poem tells tale of Aeneas escaping from Trojan war and arriving in Italy

Question 31

horace

Answer 31

wrote about benefits of peace and Augustus’s rule (Propaganda)

Question 32

ovid

Answer 32

wrote Metamorphoses (poems about Roman myths and legends)
affair with augustus daughter
exiled

Question 33

Adultery (Sexual act outside of marriage)

Answer 33

only females could be charged with this
if convicted, lost 50% of dowry and ⅓ of property
both were exiled
if husband knew about wife’s affair, and did not prosecute or divorce his wife, he would be exiled

Question 34

Stuprum (Male form of adultery)

Answer 34

males could have relations with
male or female slaves
male or female foreigners
prostitutes registered with Aediles
a female barmaid or actress

Question 35

Marriage Laws

Answer 35

Senators could not marry their children, any freed person or an actor or actress
Freeborn men could not marry actresses, prostitutes, or females convicted of adultery
Girls could not be publicly engaged until they were 10 years old and after engagement had to marry within 2 years of engagement
Women had to marry 1 year after their husband’s death in front of 7 witnesses
Men had to tell their wives they wanted a divorce in front of seven witnesses
If you were married and had no children, you would lose ½ of your inheritance to the state

Question 36

womens rights

Answer 36

basic education
unless married, could manage their own business and financial affairs, own, inherit and dispose of property
women with three children (and freedwomen with four) became legally independent

Question 37

manum

Answer 37

old form of marriage
father sells daughter to husband

Question 38

cum manu

Answer 38

wife was placed under legal control of the husband

Question 39

sine manu

Answer 39

the wife remained under legal control of her father

Question 40

divorce

Answer 40

just had to say “im divorcing you” infront of seven witnesses

Question 41

marriage with women

Answer 41

got married 15-20
illegal below 10