the scalp and face

Question 1

orbicularis oculi

Answer 1

1) blink reflex
- CN V detects it
2) closes the eye

Question 2

inion

Answer 2

1) external occipital protuberance
2) trapezius attaches

Question 3

hypoglossal canal

Answer 3

1) CN XII passes through
- GSE
2) innervates muscles of togue

Question 4

layers of the scalp

Answer 4

(firmly attached to each other)
1)skin
2) CT
3) aponeurosis
- site for infection spread
- occipitalis and frontalis
—
4) loose CT
- dangerous layer
—
(pericranium)
5) pericranium
6) external table
7) diploe
8) internal table
9) endocranium

Question 5

areolar space

Answer 5

1) dangerous area
2) laceration in this layer is bad
- many veins that connect the scalp from exterior to sinuses (emissary veins)
- can bring infection past parietal foramina and join veins to go into superior sagittal sinus
- septicemia

Question 6

venous sinus

Answer 6

1) superior sagittal sinus

Question 7

arachnoid villi / granulation tissue

Answer 7

1) protrusion of arachnoid layer in superior sagittal sinus
2) drains CSF into the sinus

Question 8

pain receptors

Answer 8

1) pain receptors in dura
- CN V
2) no pain receptors in cerebral hemispheres

Question 9

sensory nerves to the scalp anterior

Answer 9

1) supratrochlear V1
2) supraorbital V1
3) zygomatico temporal V2
4) auriculo temporal V3

Question 10

sensory nerves to the scalp posterior

Answer 10

1) lesser occipital C2,3
2) greater occipital C2
3) third occipital C3

Question 11

blood supply to the scalp anterior

Answer 11

1) supraorbital a. (from internal carotid)
2) supratrochlear a. (from internal carotid)
3) superficial temporal a. (terminal branches of external carotid)

Question 12

blood supply to the scalp posterior

Answer 12

1) posterior auricular artery
2) occipital artery

(both from external carotid)

Question 13

trigeminal nerve

Answer 13

1) ophthalmic division V1
2) maxillary division V2
3) mandibular division V3

Question 14

ophthalmic nerve branches

Answer 14

1) supraorbital
- to superior skull
2) supratrochlear
- to forehead
3) infratrochlear
- to root of nose
4) lacrimal
- to lateral aspect of eyelid
5) external nasal
- sensory to tip of nose

*cell bodies for sensory afferent nerves from trigeminal ganglion
- no synapses here
- below dura mater in superior cranial fossa

Question 15

Main branches of maxillary

Answer 15

infraorbital and zygomatic

Question 16

infraorbital branches

Answer 16

1) inferior palpebral
- lower eyelid
2) lateral nasal
- lateral nose
3) superior labial
- upper lip

Question 17

zygomatic branches

Answer 17

1) zygomaticofacial
- sensory to zygoma
2) zygomaticotemporal
- sensory to temporal

Question 18

mandibular nerve branches

Answer 18

1) auriculotemporal
- sensory from TMJ
2) buccal (long buccal)
- sensory to buccinator
3) mental
- to the chin
- sensory innervation to #20-21, 28-29

Question 19

herpes zoster

Answer 19

1) dormant in trigeminal ganglion
2) for the face

Question 20

trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 20

1) pain brought on by stimulation of a trigger zone
2) unknown cause

Question 21

maxillary sinusitis

Answer 21

1) tooth carries sensory innervation to the maxillary sinus
2) pain can originate in upper maxillary teeth due to sinus infection

Question 22

facial nerve branches VII

Answer 22

1) temporal
2) zygomatic
3) buccal
4) mandibular
5) cervical
- platysma

all motor

Question 23

stylomastoid foramen

Answer 23

1) stem of CN VII passes through
2) gets into the substance of parotid gland
3) then it gives off branches

Question 24

bells palsy

Answer 24

1) temporary facial paralysis
2) infection of middle ear puts pressure on CN VII
3) local anesthesia can cause this
- inferior alveolar nerve block done too low
- within parotid substance

Question 25

ramsey hunt syndrome

Answer 25

An acute peripheral facial neuropathy that occurs as a complication of shingles. It causes hearing loss and facial paralysis.

Question 26

external carotid artery branches

Answer 26

1) facial artery 2) labial 3) nasal 4) angular 5) superficial temporal 6) maxillary - infraorbital - buccal - mental 7) transverse facial

Question 27

internal carotid artery branches

Answer 27

1) supraorbital 2) supratrochlear 3) dorsal nasal - with the infratrochlear n. 4) lacrimal 5) external nasal 6) zygomatic

Question 28

veins of the face

Answer 28

1) facial vein 2) retromandibular vein - joins posterior auricular vein to make external jugular vein 3) superficial temporal vein

Question 29

danger triangle of the fae

Answer 29

1) cavernous sinus infection 2) communicate with tributaries of the facial vein via the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins and via the pterygoid plexus 3) teeth #5-12 4) can drain down to internal jugular 5) CN III, IV, V1, VI - superior orbital fissurep

Question 30

parotitis

Answer 30

1) parotid gland infection 2)m

Question 31

mouth muscles

Answer 31

1) orbicularis oris 2) levator anguli oris - elevates angle of mouth 3) depressor anguli oris - depresses angle of mouth 4) zygomaticus major - smiling 5) risorius

Question 32

muscles of lip

Answer 32

1) levator labii superioris 2) depressor labii inferioris

Question 33

muscles of the cheek

Answer 33

1) buccinator 2) between upper and lower teeth 3) CN VII - buccal branch --- long buccal CN V3

Question 34

orbicularis oculi

Answer 34

1) closes eye 2) motor CN VII

Question 35

mentalis

Answer 35

1) chin 2) motor CN VII

Question 36

nasalis

Answer 36

1) nose 2) motor CN VII

Question 37

muscles of the forehead

Answer 37

1) frontalis - surprised look 2) procerus - transverse wrinkles above nose bridge 3) corrugator - vertical wrinkles above nose bridge