The Scientific Method/Experiment

Question 1

Scientific Theory

Answer 1

Explain using set of principles to organize/predict observation

Question 2

What must you always do with a theory?

Answer 2

You have to put it to the test

Question 3

hypothesis

Answer 3

testable prediction

Question 4

What should you be aware of when testing?

Answer 4

Bias.

Question 5

What a good experiment always be?

Answer 5

It should be able to be replicated- use different group of people and get same outcome.

Question 6

Theory useful if:

Answer 6

1. organizes range of observation

2. implies clear prediction

Question 7

Case study

Answer 7

research method- one person studied in depth to find something true of us all

Question 8

Survey

Answer 8

research method to get self-reported behaviors/attitudes

Question 9

survey pros and cons

Answer 9

pros- cheap, anonymous, fast, and diverse

cons- word effect, lying, and low response rate

Question 10

False Consensus Effect

Answer 10

tend to think that others agree with us/ have the same mindset.

Question 11

Population

Answer 11

all the cases in the group being studied

Question 12

What to do to make good sample?

Answer 12

use random sampling; gives each person a chance to be studied

Question 13

Naturalistic observation

Answer 13

observing and recording behavior in a natural environment.

Question 14

what do observation, case study, and survey not do?

Answer 14

does not explain behavior

Question 15

correlation

Answer 15

the way 2 factors predict on another

Question 16

positive correlation

Answer 16

when two variables go in the same direction (up/up or down/down)

Question 17

negative correlation

Answer 17

when two variables go in the opposite direction (up/down or down/up)

Question 18

What does correlation not do?

Answer 18

it does not explain cause only shows relationship between factors.

Question 19

illusory correlation

Answer 19

perceiving correlation when non exists

Question 20

Experiment

Answer 20

isolates cause and effect, conducts experiments

Question 21

experimental condition

Answer 21

exposes participants to treatment

Question 22

control condition

Answer 22

serves as comparison to see effects of treatment

Question 23

random assignment

Answer 23

assigning random people to either experimental or control condition

Question 24

independent variable

Answer 24

factor being manipulated and studied

Question 25

dependent variable

Answer 25

depends on independent variable, basically results.

Question 26

placebo

Answer 26

pill that may be administrated instead of active agent.

Question 27

double-blind procedure

Answer 27

both experimenter and subject do not know which treatment is being given .