The Self

Question 1

Self-Concept

Answer 1

An organized collection of beliefs about the self. Developed from past experience. Concerned with personality traits, abilities, physical features, goals, social roles.

Question 2

Self- Discrepancy

Answer 2

A mismatch between the self-perceptions that make up the actual self, the ideal self,and the ought self.

Question 3

Coping with Self-discrepancies

Answer 3

Change your behaviour, Lower your standards, Blunt your self-awareness

Question 4

Factors shaping Self-concept

Answer 4

Social comparison Theory, Reference group, Upward social comparisons, Downward social comparisons, Feedback from others, Social context (6)

Question 5

Cultural Values

Answer 5

Individualism and Collectivism

Question 6

Individualism

Answer 6

“I” identity look after myself, my family (SELFS to other)

Question 7

Collectivism

Answer 7

“We” identity: look after a group. My extended family ( The self to OTHER)

Question 8

Self-esteem

Answer 8

Refers to one’s overall assessment of one’s worth as a person. Based on various self-concept.

Question 9

Trait self-esteem

Answer 9

Find definition

Question 10

State self-esteem

Answer 10

Find definition

Question 11

Narcissism

Answer 11

Tendency to regard oneself as grandiosely self-important; highly sensitive to criticism

Question 12

High self-esteem

Answer 12

Realistic self-appraisal; not susceptible to ego threats; less likely to resort to hostility and aggression

Question 13

Development of self-esteem

Answer 13

Change over lifespan, Dimension: acceptance and control,

Question 14

Parenting style

Answer 14

Authoritative Parenting, Authoritarian Parenting, Permissive Parenting and Neglectful Parenting (4)

Question 15

Self-perception

Answer 15

We conduct and maintain a coherent, positive view of the self.

Question 16

Self-understanding

Answer 16

Assessment, Verification, improvement, Enhancement (4)

Question 17

Self-regulation

Answer 17

The process of directing and controlling one’s behaviour

Question 18

Self-efficacy

Answer 18

Refers to one’s belief about one’s ability to perform behaviours that could lead to expected outcomes

Question 19

Developing Self-efficacy

Answer 19

1. Mastery experiences
2. Vicarious experiences
3. Persuasion and encouragement
4. Interpretation of emotional arousal

Question 20

Self-defeating Behaviour

Answer 20

Seemingly intentional actions that thwart a person’s self-interest

1. Deliberate self-destruction
2. Trade-offs
3. Counterproductive strategies

Question 21

Impression management

Answer 21

Usually conscious efforts by people to influence how others think of them