The Shoulder: ROM

Question 0

Shoulder EXTENSION

Answer 0

Patient Position:
Prone
Face opposite of tested side
Shoulder at neutral 
Palm faces body
Elbow at slight flex

Goniometer:
Axis: lateral greater tubercle
Proximal Arm: parallel to midaxillary line of thorax
Distal Arm: lateral midline of humerus (lateral epicondyle for reference)

Stabilization:
Scapula at inferior angle or at Acromion and Coracoid process: to prevent elevation and anterior tilting of scapula.

End Feel:
GH: firm
Shoulder: firm

Question 1

Shoulder FLEXION

Answer 1

Patient Position:
Supine w/knees flexed
Shoulder at neutral (0* ABD, ADD, rotation)
Elbow in full ext
Palm faces body

Goniometer:
Axis: lateral greater tubercle
Proximal Arm: parallel to midaxillary line of thorax
Distal Arm: lateral midline of humerus

Stabilization:

• Scapula: to prevent post. tilting, upward rotation and elevation of scapula.
• Thorax: to prevent ext of spine

End Feel:
GH: firm
Shoulder Complex: firm

Question 2

Shoulder ABD

Answer 2

Patient Position:
Supine
Shoulder in lateral rotation
Extend elbow

Goniometer:
Axis: anterior aspect of acromial process
Proximal Arm: parallel to midline of sternum
Distal Arm: anterior midline of humerus (use medial epicondyle for reference)

Stabilization:
Scapula: to prevent upward rotation and elevation
Thorax: to prevent lateral flexion of spine

End Feel:
GH: firm
Shoulder: firm

Question 3

Shoulder INTERNAL ROTATION

Answer 3

Patient Position:
Supine
Shoulder 90* ABD 
Forearm perpendicular to surface
Hand is neutral 
Place towel under humerus (elbow should not be supported)

Goniometer:
Axis: Olecranon process
Proximal Arm: either perpend. or parallel to floor
Distal Arm: align with ulna (ulnar styloid process for reference)

Stabilization: distal end of humerus

End Feel:
GH: firm
Shoulder: firm

Question 4

Shoulder EXTERNAL ROTATION

Answer 4

Patient Position:
Supine
Shoulder 90* ABD 
Forearm perpendicular to surface
Hand is neutral 
Place towel under humerus (elbow should not be supported)

Goniometer:
Axis: Olecranon process
Proximal Arm: either perpend. or parallel to floor
Distal Arm: align with ulna (ulnar styloid process for reference)

Stabilization: distal end of humerus

End Feel:
GH: firm
Shoulder: firm