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Nasm Study Guide > The Skeletal System > Flashcards

The Skeletal System Flashcards

Learn the definitions related to this system

1
Q

What is local stabilization system:

And which muscles do they consist of?

A

Local stabilization are miscles that attach directly to the vertebrae. Consist primarily of slow twitch type 1 fibers with high density of muscle spindles. they consist of the transverse abdominis the internal oblique multifidus pelvic floor diaphragm

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2
Q

What is the global stabilization system and which muscles do they consist of?

A

Muscles of global stabilization System attach from the pelvis to the spine. These transfer loads between Upper extremity, provide stability between pelvis and spine, and provide stabilization and eccentric control of the core during functional movements. they consist of quadratus lumborum, psoas major, external obliques, rectus abdominis, gluteus medius, and a adductor complex.

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3
Q

What is the movement system

A

includes muscles that attach to spine and pelvis to the extremities. This muscles are primarily responsible four concentric Force production and eccentric deceleration during Dynamic activities. Primary muscles that make up the movement system include latissimus dorsi, hip flexors, hamstrings complex, and quadriceps

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4
Q

what is the axial skeleton

A

the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column.

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5
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton

A

The upper and lower extremities, shoulder and pelvic girdles.

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6
Q

What are the skeletal system functions.

A

Supports, protects, allows bodily movement.

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7
Q

what are depressions

A

Flattened or Idented portions of a bone, can be muscle attachment sites.

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8
Q

what is a process

A

Projection protruding from a bone, muscles, tendons, and ligaments can attach.

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9
Q

what is arthrokinematics?

A

The Motions of the joints in the body.

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10
Q

What are non-synovial joints?

A

no joint cavity, connective tissue, or cartilage little to no movement.

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11
Q

What are the three major motion types?

A

Sagittal plane (front and back) , forntal plane (side) , transverse plane (rotation)

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12
Q

what are hinge joints?

A

common class of synovial joint that includes elbows, ankles, sagittal plane movement.

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13
Q

what is ball and socket joint

A

they are a type of synovial joint that include the shoulders, hips.

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14
Q

what is weight bearing exercise?

A

The best method to strengthen bones

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15
Q

what is the transverse abdominis

A

Located under the oblique it is the deepest of the abdominal muscles and wraps around your spine for protection and stability

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16
Q

what is the internal oblique

A

Located under the external obliques running in the opposite direction

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17
Q

what is the multifidus?

A

It’s a very thin muscle, Deep In The Spine, Works to stabilize The Joints at each segmental level. This stiffness and stability makes each vertebra work more effectively, and reduces the degeneration of the joint structures.

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18
Q

what is the pelvic floor?

A

Is a group of muscles in the floor of the pelvic area. Help support the organs in the pelvis

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19
Q

What is the diaphragm upper?

A

Is a muscle that acts as a partition between the upper abdomen and the chest. It plays a crucial role in the respiratory system by helping a person breathe.

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20
Q

What is the quadratus lumborum?

A

Is the deepest abdominal muscle it’s located in your lower back on either side of the lumbar spine. Is one of the prime sources of lower back pain.

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21
Q

what is the external abdominal oblique

A

Located on the side and front of the abdomen

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22
Q

what is the rectus abdominis?

A

Located along the front of the abdomen. This is the most well-known abdominal of the referred to as the six pack

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23
Q

What is this psoas major

A

It’s a deep-seated core muscle connecting the lumbar vertebrae to the femur. The psoas major is the biggest and strongest in a group of muscles called hip flexors

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24
Q

what is core?

A

Structures that make up the lumbi pelvic hip complex (LPHC) including lumbar spine, pelvic girdle, abdomen, and hip joint. Is where the body center of gravity is located and where all movement originates. Strong and efficient core is necessary for maintaining proper muscle balance throughout the entire human movement system.
Allow for efficient aceleration, deceleration, and stability during dynamic movements and prevents possible injuries

25
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

synovial joints are the most movable type of joint found in the human body. joints are formed where Bones come together. Synovial joints are held together by joint capsule and ligaments, greatest capacity for motion. Type of joints most associated with movement in the body 80%. The six types of synovial joints are the pivot, hinge, saddle, plane, condyloid , ball and socket joints.

26
Q

how many vertebraes does the spinal column have?

A
  • 7 cervical vertebraes
  • 12 thoracic vertebraes
  • 5 lumbar vetebraes
27
Q

what is the sacrum?

A

The sacrum is a shield-shaped bony structure that is located at the base of the lumbar vertebrae and that is connected to the pelvis.

28
Q

what is the coccyx?

A

Is a triangular arrangement of bone that makes up the very bottom portion of the spine below the sacrum (tailbone)

29
Q

what is lordosis?

A

interior facing curve, excessive inward curvature of the spine

30
Q

what is kyphosis?

A

posterior facing curve, excessive outward curvature of the spine causing hunching of the back.

31
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

irregular curve of the spine

32
Q

what is the scapula?

A

the bone in the back. (Shoulder blade)

33
Q

what is the shoulder girdle?

A

Where the scapula and the clavicle meet. The arm connects to that.

34
Q

what is the humerus?

A

Long bone in the upper arm.

35
Q

what is the radius?

A

the bone on the thumb side off the forearm.

36
Q

what is the ulna?

A

The bone on the pinky side of the forearm

37
Q

What are carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

A

small bones in the wrist, bones in the hand, bones in the fingers

38
Q

what is the pelvic girdle

A

Is made of the Ilium, the ischium, and the pubis. Connects the pelvic region to the spine and lower limbs

39
Q

what is the pubis

A

Is the bone on the front of the pelvis and at the bottom of the pelvis, the pubic bone where our private parts are.

40
Q

what is the ilium?

A

Uppermost and largest part of the hip bone, (Mickey Mouse ear shaped parts)

41
Q

what is the ischium?

A

is situated below the ilium and behind the pubis ( the parts that you sit on)

42
Q

what is the femur?

A

Connects to the pelvis goes all the way down to the knee.

43
Q

what is the patella (knee cap)

A

a very small bone in the knee, it’s a sesamoid bone.

44
Q

What are the two bones in the lower leg?

A

The tibia which is the shin bone, and the fibula a long, thin, and lateral bone of the lower leg

45
Q

What is the talus bone.

A

It’s a small bone that sits between the the heel bone, and the two bones of the lower leg

46
Q

Why is the skeletal system important?

A

It’s important because it’s what the muscles attached to, and the muscles attach to the bones in order for us to create movement, it helps protect vital organs and it’s also a storage system

47
Q

what is the calcaneus

A

the heel bone

48
Q

what are tarsals, matetarsals, and phalanges.

A

Smaller bones in the foot, longer bones in the foot before you get to your toes, and the toes or fingers.

49
Q

what is a joint?

A

Is the connection made between bones in the body which link the skeletal system into a functional whole

50
Q

what is the ligaments?

A

they connect bone to bone

51
Q

What is the capsule?

A

Keeps everything inside the joint offering protection

52
Q

What is the cellular membrane?

A

A thin sheet of tissue or layer of cells acting as a boundary (barrier)

53
Q

what is a cellular fluid?

A

lubricant, keep the joint slippery

54
Q

what is a cartilage?

A

A resilent and smooth elastic tissue that covers and protects the end of long bones at the joints. Prevent the end of the bone to rub one another

55
Q

what is the bursa?

A

A fluid-filled Sac located between the tissues such as bones muscles tendons and skin that decreases rubbing friction and irritation

56
Q

What is a sesamoid bone?

A

Bone that grows within a tendon

57
Q

What is Remodeling?

A

mature bone tissueis removed from the skeleton (a process calledbone resorption) and new bone tissue is formed (a process calledossificationornew bone formation).

58
Q

What is osteoclasts and osteoblasts?

A

Osteoclasts:cells that take away or remove mature bone tissue.

Osteoblasts:cells that are responsible for building up new bone tissue.

Nasm Study Guide (9 decks)

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