The Skeleton And Muscles

Question 1

What are the functions of the skeleton ?

Answer 1

Sharp and support\
Protection\
Movement \
Shape\
Manufacture of blood cells

Question 2

The axial skeleton consists of

Answer 2

The skull
Spine
Sternum
Ribs

Question 3

The appendicular skeleton consists of

Answer 3

The pectoral girdle
The pelvic girdle
The limbs

Question 4

The spine consists of

Answer 4

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx

Question 5

How many vertebrae in the cervical ?

Answer 5

7

Question 6

No. Vertebrae in thoracic?

Answer 6

12

Question 7

No. Vertebrae in the lumbar?

Answer 7

5

Question 8

No. Vertebrae in the sacrum?

Answer 8

5

Question 9

No. Vertebrae in the coccyx?

Answer 9

4

Question 10

12 pairs of ribs are all attached to the spine

Answer 10

True ribs 7
False ribs 3
Floating ribs 2

Question 11

What is collagen?

Answer 11

A structural protein. It is fibrous firm and flexible

Question 12

What is cartilage composed of ?

Answer 12

Collagen

Question 13

Where is cartilage found?

Answer 13

In the pinnacle of of the ear, the trachea , at the end of long bones and in the discs between the vertebrae

Question 14

What is the role of cartilage?

Answer 14

Protects the bones by acting as a shock absorber and allows friction free movement

Question 15

Why is cartilage slower at healing than bones?

Answer 15

Because it has no blood vessels or nerves

Question 16

Where is compact located in the long bone?

Answer 16

In the shaft and also around the end of bones

Question 17

What is compact bone made of?

Answer 17

Bone forming cells embedded in a matrix. The matrix is composed of 70% inorganic(non living ) salts such as calcium phosphate and 30% protein (living) called collagen

Question 18

Where is spongy found?

Answer 18

In the ends of bones

Question 19

What is spongy bone composed of?

Answer 19

Contains numerous hollows.Made of bone reforming cells embedded in a matrix. The matrix is composed of 70% inorganic salts such as calcium phosphate and 30% protein called collagen.

Question 20

What are the 2 different bone marrows?

Answer 20

Red bone marrow
Yellow bone marrow

Question 21

Red bone marrow

Answer 21

Is active
Makes blood cells
In adults
Confined to spongy bone

Question 22

Yellow bone marrow

Answer 22

Is inactive
Fat rich
Can convert red bone marrow if body requires increased blood formation

Question 23

What is a joint?

Answer 23

Where 2 or more bones meet. They are classified according to the degree of movement they allow

Question 24

Fixed joints

Answer 24

Have no movement
Provide strength and protection
In skull and pelvic girdle

Question 25

Slightly moveable joints

Answer 25

Allows a limited degree of movement Between the vertebrae

Question 26

Free movable joints/Synovial joints

Answer 26

Ball and socket joints ( shoulder and hip). Allow movement in all directions Hinge joints (knee and elbow). Allow movement in 1 direction only

Question 27

The function of ligaments

Answer 27

Connect bone to bone Strong, fibrous, slightly elastic

Question 28

The function of tendons

Answer 28

Connect muscle to bone Strong, flexible , inelastic fibres

Question 29

Name a musculoskeletal disorder

Answer 29

Osteoarthritis

Question 30

What is osteoarthritis?

Answer 30

The wearing down of cartilage in the synovial joints. Underlying bones enlarge and extra synovial fluid is formed

Question 31

What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis

Answer 31

Inflammation of he joint Stiffness Sore joints

Question 32

Cause of osteoarthritis

Answer 32

Wear and tear of the cartilage on the joints Poor footwear

Question 33

Prevention of osteoarthritis

Answer 33

Use of proper footwear Avoid running on hard surfaces Swim instead of run

Question 34

Treatment of osteoarthritis

Answer 34

Rest Exercise Surgery

Question 35

Name the 3 types of muscles

Answer 35

Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

Question 36

Skeletal muscle

Answer 36

Attached to the bones to bring about movement \ Contracts quickly Tires easily Voluntary

Question 37

Smooth muscle

Answer 37

Found in internal structures , blood vessels , bladder , digestive system and uterus (peristalsis) Contracts slowly Slow to tire Involuntary

Question 38

Cardiac muscle

Answer 38

Found in heart Does not tire Involuntary

Question 39

What are the antagonistic pairs of muscles?

Answer 39

2 muscles that have opposite effects to each other (Biceps and triceps)

Question 40

What happens when the forearm is raised?

Answer 40

Biceps contracts to pull the arm up Triceps relax

Question 41

What happens when the forearm is lowered?

Answer 41

Triceps contract to straighten the arm Biceps relax

Question 42

What is a flexor muscle?

Answer 42

The biceps. It closes the joint

Question 43

What is an extensor muscle?

Answer 43

The triceps. It opens the joint

Question 44

What is ossification?

Answer 44

The cartilage is continually formed and turned into bone

Question 45

What do osteoblasts produce?

Answer 45

Collagen

Question 46

Role of the growth plate ?

Answer 46

Increase on the length of the bone

Question 47

What is the growth plate made of?

Answer 47

Cartilage which is continuously formed and turned into bone